भावनाओं का एक ऐसा ताना-बाना जो यह तय करता है कि आप असल में कौन हैं और आगे क्या बनेंगे। मुझे महसूस होता है कि मेरा बचपन आज भी मेरे अंदर पूरी तरह जिंदा है, मेरे बहुत करीब है, और मेरे वजूद का एक हिस्सा है। और यही बचपन कभी दर्द देता है तो कभी खुशी, जो कविता के लिए एक कभी न खत्म होने वाला खजाना है।

A certain construct of emotions that really define who you are and who you will become and I feel very much that my childhood is very alive inside of me, very close to me, very much part of me. And it's a sometimes painful, sometimes joyous inexhaustible resource for poetry.

A certain construct of emotions that really define who you are and who you will become and I feel very much that my childhood is very alive inside of me, very close to me, very much part of me. And it's a sometimes painful, sometimes joyous inexhaustible resource for poetry.

एक खास तरह की कविता उम्र के एक बड़े पड़ाव पर पहुँचकर अपने अनुभवों को पीछे मुड़कर देखती है।

A certain kind of poetry looks back at experience from an older perspective.

A certain kind of poetry looks back at experience from an older perspective.

मेरे दादाजी के निधन के बाद, मैं अपने घर के तहखाने में गया जहाँ हमारी किताबें और संकलन रखे रहते थे। वहाँ मुझे एक ऐसी किताब मिली जिस पर किसी का नाम नहीं था। मैंने उसमें 'स्पेलबाउंड' (Spellbound) नाम की एक कविता पढ़ी और न जाने क्यों, मैंने उसे अपने दादाजी की मौत से जोड़ लिया। मुझे लगा कि वह कविता मेरे दादाजी नहीं लिखी होगी।

After my grandfather died I went down to the basement of my family house where my family kept books, anthologies and things and there was an anthology without any names attached to it and I read a poem called Spellbound and I somehow attached it to my grandfather's death and I thought my grandfather had written it.

After my grandfather died I went down to the basement of my family house where my family kept books, anthologies and things and there was an anthology without any names attached to it and I read a poem called Spellbound and I somehow attached it to my grandfather's death and I thought my grandfather had written it.

इसका एक बेहतरीन उदाहरण वह दृश्य है जब दांते अपनी महाकाव्य 'द डिवाइन कॉमेडी' के शुरुआती हिस्से 'द इन्फर्नो' में वर्जिल को पुकारते हैं ताकि वे पाताल लोक (अंडरवर्ल्ड) के सफर में उनका मार्गदर्शन कर सकें।

A great model for this is the way that Dante calls on Virgil at the beginning of 'The Inferno,' 'The Divine Comedy,' to help guide him through the underworld.

A great model for this is the way that Dante calls on Virgil at the beginning of 'The Inferno,' 'The Divine Comedy,' to help guide him through the underworld.

बास्केटबॉल का वह हुक शॉट बास्केट के घेरे को चूमकर लाचारी से वहीं लटक जाता है, पर नीचे नहीं गिरता। तभी हमारा दुबला-पतला सेंटर खिलाड़ी मुस्तैदी से विरोधी खिलाड़ी को पीछे धकेलता है और सही वक्त पर छलांग लगाकर उस सुनहरे गेंद को हवा से ऐसे थाम लेता है जैसे कोई अनमोल खजाना हो।

A hook shot kisses the rim and hangs there, helplessly, but doesn't drop and for once our gangly starting center boxes out his man and times his jump perfectly, gathering the orange leather/from the air like a cherished possession.

A hook shot kisses the rim and hangs there, helplessly, but doesn't drop and for once our gangly starting center boxes out his man and times his jump perfectly, gathering the orange leather/from the air like a cherished possession.

और बहुत सारी कविताएँ आपको फिर से उस अचंभे और विस्मय की अवस्था में ले जाती हैं जो बचपन में दुनिया को देखने पर होती थी। यह विस्मय सिर्फ खुशी का नहीं होता, कई बार यह गहरे दुख का भी होता है।

And a lot of poetry is putting yourself back into the state of wonder that you have before things when you're a child. It's not only a joyous wonder, it's sometimes a grief stricken wonder.

And a lot of poetry is putting yourself back into the state of wonder that you have before things when you're a child. It's not only a joyous wonder, it's sometimes a grief stricken wonder.

और हर साल एक ऐसा संक्षिप्त और झकझोर देने वाला पल आता है, जब हम घर लौटते हुए रास्ते में अचानक रुक जाते हैं और महसूस करते हैं कि कोई अदृश्य और वजनहीन चीज़ हमारे कंधों को छू रही है, जो हवा से उतरकर हमारे करीब आ रही है: वह हमारे शरीर को छूती हुई शरद ऋतु की हवा होती है; वह हम पर पड़ती हुई पतझड़ की बदलती हुई धूप होती है।

And every year there is a brief, startling moment When we pause in the middle of a long walk home and Suddenly feel something invisible and weightless Touching our shoulders, sweeping down from the air: It is the autumn wind pressing against our bodies; It is the changing light of fall falling on us.

And every year there is a brief, startling moment When we pause in the middle of a long walk home and Suddenly feel something invisible and weightless Touching our shoulders, sweeping down from the air: It is the autumn wind pressing against our bodies; It is the changing light of fall falling on us.

शुरू में ज्यादातर समय इसका शीर्षक '13 अगस्त' ही रहा, लेकिन अंत के करीब पहुँचते-पहुंचते, लेखन प्रक्रिया के दौरान मुझे लगा कि यह थोड़ा फीका नाम है। तभी मुझे 'वाइल्ड ग्रैटीट्यूड' (Wild Gratitude) का विचार आया, और इस शीर्षक पर मुझे बहुत गर्व है। इसलिए मुझे लगता है कि सबसे अच्छे शीर्षक काम के दौरान ही मिलते हैं।

And it was the title August 13th for most of the way and then near the end, sometime in the process, I got the idea that maybe that would be a somewhat bland title and I got the idea for wild gratitude, which I'm very proud of as a title. So, I think it works best when you find it in the process.

And it was the title August 13th for most of the way and then near the end, sometime in the process, I got the idea that maybe that would be a somewhat bland title and I got the idea for wild gratitude, which I'm very proud of as a title. So, I think it works best when you find it in the process.

ओसिप मांदेलश्ताम कहते हैं कि एक कवि—जब तुम समंदर किनारे जाते हो और तुम्हें अतीत की एक पुरानी बोतल मिलती है, तो तुम उसे खोल लेते हो। मांदेलश्ताम कहते हैं, "ऐसा करना बिल्कुल ठीक है। मैं किसी और की चिट्ठी चोरी-छिपे नहीं पढ़ रहा। वह तो जिसे भी मिले, उसी के नाम होती है। वह मुझे मिली है, इसलिए वह मेरे ही नाम है।"

And Mandelstam says a poet - you go down to the shore and you see an unlikely looking from a bottle from the past, you open it. Mandelstam says, "It's okay to do so. I'm not reading someone else's mail. It was addressed to whoever found it. I found it, therefore it's addressed to me."

And Mandelstam says a poet - you go down to the shore and you see an unlikely looking from a bottle from the past, you open it. Mandelstam says, "It's okay to do so. I'm not reading someone else's mail. It was addressed to whoever found it. I found it, therefore it's addressed to me."

और मेरा अनुभव यह कहता है कि सबसे अच्छे शीर्षक लिखते-लिखते अपने आप सामने आते हैं। वे आमतौर पर एकदम शुरुआत में नहीं मिलते, और उम्मीद है कि एकदम अंत में भी न मिलें, क्योंकि तब तक बहुत देर हो चुकी होती है।

And my experience is the best titles, for me, emerge in the process of writing. They don't usually come at the very beginning and hopefully they don't come at the very end because then it's getting late in the day.

And my experience is the best titles, for me, emerge in the process of writing. They don't usually come at the very beginning and hopefully they don't come at the very end because then it's getting late in the day.

और कभी-कभी आप किसी नए लेखक की पहली कविताएँ पढ़ते हैं तो कहते हैं, "इनमें एक ताज़गी और ऐसा विस्मय है जो उस कवि को जीवन में दोबारा कभी नहीं मिल पाता।"

And sometimes you look at the first poems by someone and you go, "They have freshness and a sense of wonder that is never recaptured again by that poet."

And sometimes you look at the first poems by someone and you go, "They have freshness and a sense of wonder that is never recaptured again by that poet."

और समय के साथ मैंने यह महसूस किया है कि एक ऐसी कविता लिखने के लिए जिस पर मुझे खुद गर्व हो और जिसके साथ मैं जी सकूं, दो चीज़ों का होना जरूरी है।

And what I've found over time is that for me to write a poem that I think is worthy that I can live with, two things have to happen.

And what I've found over time is that for me to write a poem that I think is worthy that I can live with, two things have to happen.

और जब मैं अच्छी लिख रहा होता हूँ और उस भावना में डूबा होता हूँ, तब मैं कुछ जटिल चीज़ों को भी बड़ी सहजता से लिख पाता हूँ।

And when I'm writing well and when I'm inside the feeling, then I can do fairly complicated things with some fluency.

And when I'm writing well and when I'm inside the feeling, then I can do fairly complicated things with some fluency.

और जब मेरा दूसरा कविता संग्रह 'वाइल्ड ग्रैटीट्यूड' छप कर आया, तो मैं पर्ल लंदन की कक्षा में गया। वहाँ कविताओं के अलग-अलग मसौदों (drafts) पर काम हो रहा था। जब मैंने अपनी कविता 'वाइल्ड ग्रैटीट्यूड' के पुराने मसौदे देखे, तो मुझे याद आया कि मैंने तो इस कविता की शुरुआत '13 अगस्त' शीर्षक से की थी।

And when my second book had come out, "Wild Gratitude," I went to Pearl London's class and she worked through different drafts of poems and there were the drafts of my poem, "Wild Gratitude," and I saw that I had begun the poem with the title "August 13th."

And when my second book had come out, "Wild Gratitude," I went to Pearl London's class and she worked through different drafts of poems and there were the drafts of my poem, "Wild Gratitude," and I saw that I had begun the poem with the title "August 13th."

और जब आप कविता की दुनिया में कदम रखते हैं, चाहे आप किसी भी पड़ाव पर हों, आप एक ऐसी परंपरा का हिस्सा बन रहे हैं जो बेहद पुरानी और गौरवशाली है।

And when you are entering into poetry, whatever stage you're at, you are participating in something with a very long and noble tradition.

And when you are entering into poetry, whatever stage you're at, you are participating in something with a very long and noble tradition.

कविता एक हाथ है, एक हुक है, एक प्रार्थना है। यह हरकत में आया हुआ एक जीवंत आत्मीय रूप है।

A poem is a hand, a hook, a prayer. It is a soul in action.

A poem is a hand, a hook, a prayer. It is a soul in action.

एक पाठक के तौर पर आपकी भी एक जिम्मेदारी है, आपको भी कुछ करना है। आप अपने अनुभव को इसमें शामिल करते हैं। कविता सिर्फ अपने आप में मुकम्मल नहीं होती, उसमें आपकी अनुभूति भी जुड़ती है।

As a reader you have a task to do, you have something to do. You bring your experience to it. It's not all inherit in the poem.

As a reader you have a task to do, you have something to do. You bring your experience to it. It's not all inherit in the poem.

यह हमारी व्यवस्था पर एक गहरा दबाव है और मुझे लगता है कि कई युवा कवियों के लिए यह बेहद पीड़ादायक है, जो कविता की दुनिया में अपनी आजीविका तलाश रहे हैं, लेकिन उन्हें वह मुकाम नहीं मिल पा रहा जिसकी उन्हें तलाश है।

A stress on the system and I think a painful thing for many young poets who are looking to find a life in poetry that they're not going to be able to find.

A stress on the system and I think a painful thing for many young poets who are looking to find a life in poetry that they're not going to be able to find.

किताबें और अख़बार एक "आम पाठक" की कल्पना करते हैं, यानी एक ऐसा इंसान जो समाज के बाकी पढ़े-लिखे लोगों की तरह बुनियादी बातें जानता हो। ज़ाहिर है, हर लेखक के मन में पाठक की यह छवि अलग होती है, लेकिन फिर भी इनमें एक अद्भुत समानता देखने को मिलती है

Books and newspapers assume a "common reader" that is, a person who knows the things known by other literate persons in the culture. Obviously, such assumptions are never identical from writer to writer, but they show a remarkable consistency

Books and newspapers assume a "common reader" that is, a person who knows the things known by other literate persons in the culture. Obviously, such assumptions are never identical from writer to writer, but they show a remarkable consistency

लेकिन, किसी भी रचना को आकार देने के लिए वैचारिक और भावनात्मक, दोनों स्तरों पर काम करना पड़ता है। जब ये दोनों चीज़ें आपस में मिल जाती हैं, तो मुझे लगता है कि मेरे पास एक ऐसी कृति तैयार होती है जिस पर मुझे गर्व हो सके।

But, something has to be worked through formally as well as emotionally. Now, when those two things come together I've got something, I think, that I can be proud of.

But, something has to be worked through formally as well as emotionally. Now, when those two things come together I've got something, I think, that I can be proud of.

हालाँकि शुरुआत वहीं से हुई थी, पर मैंने हाईस्कूल में आने के बाद ही लिखना शुरू किया था और उस दौरान मैंने बेहद जोश और ऊर्जा के साथ कविताएँ लिखनी शुरू कीं।

But, that was the beginning, though I didn't start writing until I was in high school and when I was in high school I really began to write poetry with great energy and enthusiasm.

But, that was the beginning, though I didn't start writing until I was in high school and when I was in high school I really began to write poetry with great energy and enthusiasm.

मैंने अपनी ज़िंदगी में यह महसूस किया है कि लिखने के लिए सबसे बेहतरीन समय या तो देर रात का होता है या फिर सुबह-सुबह का, और शायद ऐसा इसलिए है क्योंकि उस वक्त आप दुनिया की भागदौड़ और सामाजिक दायरों से दूर होते हैं।

But, the best times I have found, in my life, are late at night or early in the morning and I think it's because you're outside the social realm.

But, the best times I have found, in my life, are late at night or early in the morning and I think it's because you're outside the social realm.

अपनी पसंद के हिसाब से विषयों को चुनने की आज़ादी देने वाली हमारी शिक्षा प्रणाली और स्कूलों द्वारा छात्रों से ज़्यादा मेहनत न करवाने के रवैये के कारण, पीढ़ियों के बीच और खुद युवाओं के बीच साझा जानकारी लगातार कम होती जा रही है।

Cafeteria-style education, combined with the unwillingness of our schools to place demands on students, has resulted in a steady diminishment of commonly shared information between generations and between young people themselves.

Cafeteria-style education, combined with the unwillingness of our schools to place demands on students, has resulted in a steady diminishment of commonly shared information between generations and between young people themselves.

नागरिक धर्म अमेरिकी संस्कृति को एक दिशा देता है और उसके बुनियादी मूल्यों को तय करता है, लेकिन यह अमेरिकी राष्ट्रीय संस्कृति के विविध रूपों को तय नहीं करता।

Civil religion gives American culture its direction and defines its fundamental values, but it does not determine the diversified contents of American national culture.

Civil religion gives American culture its direction and defines its fundamental values, but it does not determine the diversified contents of American national culture.

एमी डिकिंसन पिछले दौर के कवियों को अपनी किताबों की अलमारी के रिश्तेदार कहती हैं। आप किताबों की अलमारी में सजे इन पुरोधाओं से हमेशा सांत्वना पा सकते हैं और उनके पास जाकर, तथा उनके जैसी उम्दा रचना करने का प्रयास करके, कविता की इस परंपरा में अपना हिस्सा डाल सकते हैं।

Emily Dickinson calls previous poets her kinsmen of the shelf. You can always be consoled by your kinsmen of the shelf and you can participate in poetry by going to them and by trying to make something worthy of them.

Emily Dickinson calls previous poets her kinsmen of the shelf. You can always be consoled by your kinsmen of the shelf and you can participate in poetry by going to them and by trying to make something worthy of them.

कहानीकार यह सीखते हैं कि रूपक (मेटाफ़र) को कैसे विकसित किया जाए, लय का इस्तेमाल कैसे किया जाए, और भाषा को इस तरह कैसे कसा जाए जिससे वे अपनी और अपने पात्रों की भावनाओं को बेहतर ढंग से व्यक्त कर सकें।

Fiction writers learn about the development of metaphor, the use of rhythm, the way that language is compacted in order to express the feelings of - express their own feelings and the feelings of their characters.

Fiction writers learn about the development of metaphor, the use of rhythm, the way that language is compacted in order to express the feelings of - express their own feelings and the feelings of their characters.

सबसे पहले तो मुझे यह लगता है कि कविता बहुत ही नेक विधा है और इसकी इसी महानता का अहसास हमेशा मेरे भीतर बना रहता है।

First of all I think that poetry is very noble and I always have with me the sense of the nobility of poetry.

First of all I think that poetry is very noble and I always have with me the sense of the nobility of poetry.

गेर्ट्रूड स्टीन ने कहा था, "मैं अपने लिए और अजनबियों के लिए लिखती हूँ।" मैं कहूँगा कि मैं अपने लिए, अजनबियों के लिए और उन महान मृत कवियों के लिए लिखता हूँ जो अब इस दुनिया में नहीं हैं।

Gertrude Stein said, "I write for myself and strangers." I would say I write for myself, strangers and the great dead.

Gertrude Stein said, "I write for myself and strangers." I would say I write for myself, strangers and the great dead.

मैं एक नन्हा सा शंख हूँ, जो चुपचाप बहकर किनारे आ लगा है और जिसके भीतर महासागर के उमड़ते ज्वार की गूँज आज भी गूँजती है।

I am a tiny seashell that has secretly drifted ashore and carries the sound of the ocean surging through its body.

I am a tiny seashell that has secretly drifted ashore and carries the sound of the ocean surging through its body.

मैं नहीं जानता था कि शोक मनाने की यह प्रक्रिया एक ऐसा अंधेरे में किया जाने वाला श्रम है, जिसे हम अपने भीतर ढोते रहते हैं।

I did not know the work of mourning Is a labor in the dark We carry inside ourselves

I did not know the work of mourning Is a labor in the dark We carry inside ourselves

मैंने कभी यह नहीं माना कि कविता पर केवल अंग्रेज़ी और अमेरिकी साहित्य का ही एकाधिकार है। मैंने पोलिश कविता, पूर्वी यूरोप की अन्य कविताएँ, रूसी कविता, साथ ही लैटिन अमेरिकी और स्पेनिश कविता को पढ़कर बहुत कुछ सीखा। इन अन्य संस्कृतियों के कवियों में मुझे हमेशा ऐसे मार्गदर्शक मिले जिन्होंने मेरे रास्ते को आसान बनाया।

I didn't ever consider poetry the province exclusively of English and American literature and I discovered a great amount in reading Polish poetry and other Eastern European poetry and reading Russian poetry and reading Latin American and Spanish poetry and I've always found models in those other poetries of poets who could help me on my path.

I didn't ever consider poetry the province exclusively of English and American literature and I discovered a great amount in reading Polish poetry and other Eastern European poetry and reading Russian poetry and reading Latin American and Spanish poetry and I've always found models in those other poetries of poets who could help me on my path.

उस समय मैंने बैठकर तुरंत कविताएँ लिखना तो शुरू नहीं किया था, लेकिन यह बात कहीं न कहीं मेरे ज़ेहन में चल रही थी।

I didn't sit down then and start writing poems, but it was in the back of my mind.

I didn't sit down then and start writing poems, but it was in the back of my mind.

कविता पर काम करने के लिए मेरा कोई तय समय नहीं है कि मैं हर दिन एक ही घड़ी में बैठूँ, फिर भी मैं हर दिन कविता के लिए थोड़ा वक्त निकालने की कोशिश करता हूँ और कुछेक अपवादों को छोड़कर हर दिन मुझे ऐसा समय मिल ही जाता है जब मैं कविता पर काम कर सकता हूँ।

I don't have a set schedule to work on poetry at any given time, at the same time every day, but I do try to work on poetry every day and I do find some time every day that I can with some exceptions to work on poetry.

I don't have a set schedule to work on poetry at any given time, at the same time every day, but I do try to work on poetry every day and I do find some time every day that I can with some exceptions to work on poetry.

मुझे नहीं लगता कि कविता कभी मरेगी, लेकिन यह ज़रूर है कि कविता भाषा के प्रति एक खास तरह के ध्यान और एकाग्रता की माँग करती है।

I don't think poetry will die, but I think that poetry does demand a certain kind of attention to language.

I don't think poetry will die, but I think that poetry does demand a certain kind of attention to language.

मुझे नहीं लगता कि आप टीवी देखते हुए बहुत अच्छे से कविता पढ़ सकते हैं।

I don't think you can read poetry while you're watching television very well.

I don't think you can read poetry while you're watching television very well.

शायद वह साल 1968 रहा होगा। मैं कॉलेज में पहला साल (फ्रेशमैन) था और हालाँकि मैं बहुत अच्छी कविताएँ नहीं लिखता था, लेकिन कम से कम तब मैंने कविता लिखने की कोशिश तो शुरू कर दी थी।

I guess that would have been 1968. I was a freshman in college and I wasn't writing good poems, but I was at least trying to write poems then.

I guess that would have been 1968. I was a freshman in college and I wasn't writing good poems, but I was at least trying to write poems then.

मेरा यह मानना ​​है कि गीत-काव्य (लिरिक पोएट्री) एक ऐसी कविता है जो मौत की उपस्थिति के अहसास से प्रेरित होती है। यह सच हमारे लिए बेहद असहनीय है कि एक दिन हमें मर जाना है और हम इस सच्चाई को स्वीकार नहीं कर पाते। मुझे लगता है कि यह बात आपको बचपन में ही पता चल जाती है और आप इससे आसानी से उबर नहीं पाते—कम से कम मैंने इसे बचपन में ही महसूस कर लिया था और इससे बाहर निकलना मेरे लिए मुश्किल था।

I have the idea that lyric poetry is a poetry that's driven by a sense of the presence of death. That there's something unbearable about the fact that we're going to die and that we can't stand it and I think you find that out in childhood and you don't really - at least I found it out in childhood and I found it hard to get over.

I have the idea that lyric poetry is a poetry that's driven by a sense of the presence of death. That there's something unbearable about the fact that we're going to die and that we can't stand it and I think you find that out in childhood and you don't really - at least I found it out in childhood and I found it hard to get over.

मैंने हमेशा यह याद रखने की कोशिश की है कि कविता की रचना मांस-मछ्दी और सांस लेते इंसानों द्वारा की जाती है। यह भावनाओं के खून-पसीने से जुड़ी एक कला है। यह मानवीय पैमाने पर जीती है और तब और अधिक फलती-फूलती है जब इसे एक हाथ से दूसरे हाथ (यानी एक पीढ़ी से दूसरी पीढ़ी) तक सौंपा जाता है।

I have tried to remember throughout that poetry is made by flesh-and-blood human beings. It is a bloody art. It lives on a human scale and thrives when it is passed from hand to hand.

I have tried to remember throughout that poetry is made by flesh-and-blood human beings. It is a bloody art. It lives on a human scale and thrives when it is passed from hand to hand.

मुझे बस इतना लगता है कि इस तरह की बातें उन अनुभवों को सीमित कर देती हैं जो लोग कविता के साथ जी सकते हैं। फिर भी, कविता बची रहेगी; इस बात को लेकर मैं चिंतित नहीं हूँ। लेकिन हाँ, मुझे यह ज़रूर लगता है कि अगर लोग ध्यान से पढ़ना ही छोड़ देंगे, तो शायद कविता कम लोगों की ही आत्मा को बचा पाएगी।

I just think that limits the kinds of experiences that people can have with poetry. But, poetry will survive; I don't worry about that. But, I do think that it may save fewer souls if people can't pay attention.

I just think that limits the kinds of experiences that people can have with poetry. But, poetry will survive; I don't worry about that. But, I do think that it may save fewer souls if people can't pay attention.

मेरा मतलब है कि कविता के इतिहास में कई ऐसी काव्य-परंपराएँ रही हैं जहाँ आपको कवि का पद अपने पूर्वजों से विरासत में मिलता है। लेकिन मुझे लगता है कि अगर आप केवल किसी कुलीन समाज के आधार पर ही किसी को कवि बनने की छूट देंगे, तो बहुत से ऐसे प्रतिभाशाली लोग पीछे छूट जाएंगे जो समाज को कुछ बेहतरीन दे सकते थे।

I mean, in the history of poetry there have been a lot poetries where you have to inherit the position of poet from your ancestors and I think that if you just leave anyone to become a poet based on an aristocratic society, then a lot of people are left out who might have something to offer.

I mean, in the history of poetry there have been a lot poetries where you have to inherit the position of poet from your ancestors and I think that if you just leave anyone to become a poet based on an aristocratic society, then a lot of people are left out who might have something to offer.

मेरा मतलब है, जब मैं युवा था तो मैं पूरी-पूरी रात जागकर लिख सकता था और मुझे देर रात तक काम करना बहुत पसंद था। अब जब मैं बड़ा हो गया हूँ, तो सुबह के समय मेरा दिमाग (सिनैप्स) ज़्यादा बेहतर तरीके से काम करता है, इसलिए मैं सुबह के वक्त बहुत अच्छे से लिख पाता हूँ। हालाँकि अब मैं दिन के अलग-अलग समय पर भी काम करता हूँ।

I mean, when I was young I could write all through the night and I loved to work late into the night. Now that I'm older I work really well in the early morning when your synapses are firing a little better. But I work at different times of the day.

I mean, when I was young I could write all through the night and I loved to work late into the night. Now that I'm older I work really well in the early morning when your synapses are firing a little better. But I work at different times of the day.

अमेरिकी परंपरा में एक खास तरह की, जिसे मैं कहूँगा, बेताब अमेरिकी दोस्ताना शैली देखने को मिलती है, जिसमें कवि पन्नों के ज़रिए पाठक तक पहुँचने की कोशिश करता है और सड़क किनारे खड़े किसी अजनबी से जुड़ाव महसूस करने का प्रयास करता है।

In American tradition a certain kind of, I would say, desperate American friendliness in which the poet tries to reach out through the page to make a connection by the side of the road with some other person.

In American tradition a certain kind of, I would say, desperate American friendliness in which the poet tries to reach out through the page to make a connection by the side of the road with some other person.

एक तरह से, यह इस बात को स्वीकार करना भी है कि दांते को वर्जिल की ज़रूरत है, 'इन्फर्नो' को 'एनीिड' की ज़रूरत है और महाकाव्य को एक मिसाल की ज़रूरत होती है। दांते को इस महान महाकाव्य को लिखने के लिए किसी ऐसे व्यक्ति की ज़रूरत थी जो उनसे पहले आया हो, इसलिए वे वर्जिल की रचना की ओर रुख करते हैं, खास तौर पर छठे अध्याय की ओर जहाँ एनियास पाताल लोक में उतरता है। मेरे लिए, यह इस बात का उदाहरण है कि एक कवि का अपने से पहले की कविता और अन्य काव्य-परंपराओं के साथ कैसा संबंध होता है, जो मार्गदर्शन के लिए उन्हें पुकारती हैं।

In a way, that's also a recognition that Dante needs Virgil and that the Inferno needs the Aeneid and that the epic needs a model and that for Dante to write this great poem he needs someone to come before him and he turns to Virgil's text, especially book six where Aeneas goes down into the underworld. And for me, that's a model of the poet's relationship to previous poetry, to another poetry as calling out for guidance.

In a way, that's also a recognition that Dante needs Virgil and that the Inferno needs the Aeneid and that the epic needs a model and that for Dante to write this great poem he needs someone to come before him and he turns to Virgil's text, especially book six where Aeneas goes down into the underworld. And for me, that's a model of the poet's relationship to previous poetry, to another poetry as calling out for guidance.

मुझे उस टेड़े-मेड़े पेड़ की तरह जीना है... जो तेज़ से तेज़ आंधियों में भी झुक गया, लेकिन अपनी जड़ों से उखड़ा नहीं।

I need to live like that crooked tree--... that knelt down in the hardest winds but could not be blasted away.

I need to live like that crooked tree--... that knelt down in the hardest winds but could not be blasted away.

हाईस्कूल में मैं एक ऐसी कविता संग्रह के पन्ने पलट रहा था जिसे हमारे शिक्षकों ने पढ़ाना छोड़ दिया था, और तभी मुझे एक कविता मिली। मैंने कहा, "यह कितना अजीब है। यह कविता बिल्कुल मेरे दादाजी की कविता जैसी दिखती है।"

In high school I was leafing through an anthology that our teachers had given up and I found a poem, I go, "That's so strange. This poem looks so much like my grandfather's poem."

In high school I was leafing through an anthology that our teachers had given up and I found a poem, I go, "That's so strange. This poem looks so much like my grandfather's poem."

एजुटेक दुनिया की भाषा नाहुआट्ल में, कवि के लिए एक मुख्य शब्द 'तलामातिने' था, जिसका अर्थ है 'वह जो जानता है' या 'वह जो कुछ खास समझ रखता है।' कवियों को 'शब्दों का ज्ञानी या ऋषि' माना जाता था, जो इंसानी पहेलियों पर मनन करते थे और इस दुनिया से परे, देवताओं के लोक की थाह लेते थे।

In Náhuatl, the language of the Aztec world, one key word for poet was 'tlamatine,' meaning 'the one who knows,' or 'he who knows something.' Poets were considered 'sages of the word,' who meditated on human enigmas and explored the beyond, the realm of the gods.

In Náhuatl, the language of the Aztec world, one key word for poet was 'tlamatine,' meaning 'the one who knows,' or 'he who knows something.' Poets were considered 'sages of the word,' who meditated on human enigmas and explored the beyond, the realm of the gods.

मध्य युग में, दरबार के इन कवियों ने शिष्ट प्रेम की अवधारणा को जन्म दिया—एक काल्पनिक प्रेम, एक कुलीन जुनून, जो शादी के दायरे से बाहर था और इसलिए जिसका अधूरा रहना तय था, जो अवैध और परकीया प्रेम की श्रेणी में आता था। मध्यकाल में इसके लिए एक शब्द 'अमौर होनेस्तुस' (सच्चा या पावन प्रेम) भी था। मैं हमेशा से हैरान था कि यह भावुक आदर्श—जो थोड़ा पीड़ादायक और आध्यात्मि‌क दोनों था—पूरे यूरोप में जंगल की आग की तरह इतनी तेज़ी से कैसे फैल गया। मेरी यह कविता (एक गज़ल) इसी विषय पर आधारित है।

In the Middle Ages, the troubadour poets invented the concept of courtly love--a fantasy love, a noble passion, which was also extra-marital and thus inevitably thwarted, illicit, adulterous. One of the medieval terms for it was amour honestus (honest love). I've always wondered why this passionate ideal--masochistic, spiritual-travelled with such wildfire throughout Europe. My poem, a ghazal, takes up the subject.

In the Middle Ages, the troubadour poets invented the concept of courtly love--a fantasy love, a noble passion, which was also extra-marital and thus inevitably thwarted, illicit, adulterous. One of the medieval terms for it was amour honestus (honest love). I've always wondered why this passionate ideal--masochistic, spiritual-travelled with such wildfire throughout Europe. My poem, a ghazal, takes up the subject.

मैंने अपनी इन स्मृतियों और भावनाओं को कोमलता के सम्मान में और उन सभी लोगों के सम्मान में उतारा है जो किसी अपने को खोने के दुख से जुड़े हैं।

I put down these memorandums of my affections in honor of tenderness, in honor of all of those who have been conscripted into the brotherhood of loss.

I put down these memorandums of my affections in honor of tenderness, in honor of all of those who have been conscripted into the brotherhood of loss.

तब मैंने केवल अपनी भावनाओं को व्यक्त करने के बजाय कुछ नया गढ़ने की शुरुआत की, और जब मैंने रचना करना शुरू किया तथा दूसरे कवियों की कविताओं की नकल की, जब मैंने अपने पठन और लेखन को एक साथ जोड़ने की कोशिश की, तब जाकर मुझे अपनी सही राह मिली।

I started then to try and shape something rather than just express it and when I started to shape something and to imitate other poems that were written by other people, when I had tried to integrate my reading and my writing I was on my path.

I started then to try and shape something rather than just express it and when I started to shape something and to imitate other poems that were written by other people, when I had tried to integrate my reading and my writing I was on my path.

इसे पढ़ने के लिए एक निश्चित एकाग्रता की आवश्यकता होती है, और मुझे लगता है कि लोगों की घटती एकाग्रता और वे जिस तरह चीज़ों को बहुत कम समय देते हैं, उसके कारण वह एकाग्रता खतरे में पड़ रही है।

It does demand a certain space in order to read it and I think that space is somewhat threatened by the lack of attention that people have and the amount of time that they give to things.

It does demand a certain space in order to read it and I think that space is somewhat threatened by the lack of attention that people have and the amount of time that they give to things.

मुझे लगता है कि गद्य अपनी भाषा के प्रयोग में तीव्रता और गहराई पाने के लिए कविता की ओर रुख करता है।

I think fiction goes to poetry for the intensity of its use of language.

I think fiction goes to poetry for the intensity of its use of language.

पाठकों की एक पीढ़ी तैयार करने के मामले में एमएफए (MFA) कार्यक्रम बहुत अच्छे हैं। बस मुझे एमएफए कार्यक्रमों का वह मॉडल थोड़ा जोखिम भरा लगता है जिसमें एक युवा कवि इस कार्यक्रम से गुजरता है, कई किताबें प्रकाशित करता है, और फिर अध्यापन की नौकरी पा लेता है।

I think in terms of educating a group of readers, MFA programs are very good. I just think the model of MFA programs in which a young poet goes through the program, publishes a series of books, gets teaching jobs, that's a bit at risk.

I think in terms of educating a group of readers, MFA programs are very good. I just think the model of MFA programs in which a young poet goes through the program, publishes a series of books, gets teaching jobs, that's a bit at risk.

मुझे लगता है कि यह हमारे व्यक्तित्व को ऐसे गहरे स्तर पर गढ़ता है जिसे हम पूरी तरह समझ भी नहीं पाते। रेनर मारिया रिल्के ने कहा था कि कविता के दो कभी न खत्म होने वाले स्रोत हैं। एक है सपने, और दूसरा है बचपन। मुझे लगता है कि आपका बचपन इस बात का असीम स्रोत है कि आप आगे चलकर क्या बनेंगे, और आपकी भावनाओं की कुछ बहुत गहरी परतें उसी दौरान आपके भीतर बैठ जाती हैं।

I think it shapes it in very deep ways that you don't entirely understand. Rainer Maria Rilke said there are two inexhaustible sources for poetry. One is dreams, and the other is childhood. I think childhood is an inexhaustible source of your becoming who you will be and certain deep feelings are set inside of you.

I think it shapes it in very deep ways that you don't entirely understand. Rainer Maria Rilke said there are two inexhaustible sources for poetry. One is dreams, and the other is childhood. I think childhood is an inexhaustible source of your becoming who you will be and certain deep feelings are set inside of you.

मुझे लगता है कि हमारी नश्वरता का अहसास ही उन चीज़ों में से एक है जो गीत-काव्य (लिरिक पोएट्री) को जन्म देती है।

I think it's one of the things that drive lyric poetry, our sense of mortality.

I think it's one of the things that drive lyric poetry, our sense of mortality.

मुझे लगता है कि यह सच है कि इस मामले में कविता गद्य से सीख ले सकती है। मुझे लगता है कि सीखने के लिए कविता गद्य का सहारा ले सकती है।

I think it's true that that's something that poetry can go to school on fiction. I think poetry can go to fiction to learn.

I think it's true that that's something that poetry can go to school on fiction. I think poetry can go to fiction to learn.

कॉलेज के दिनों से ही मेरे काम को जो चीज़ सबसे अलग बनाती थी, वह थी दूसरे देशों की कविताओं की तरफ़ मेरा झुकाव।

I think one of the things that distinguished my work from the beginning when I was in college was my turning towards poetry from other countries.

I think one of the things that distinguished my work from the beginning when I was in college was my turning towards poetry from other countries.

मुझे लगता है कि कविता बची रहेगी और यह कविता का अंत नहीं होगा। हम आजकल जनसंचार माध्यमों (मास मीडिया) की जिस भारी आंधी से लगातार जूझ रहे हैं और समझ नहीं पा रहे हैं कि उस पर कैसे प्रतिक्रिया दें, मुझे लगता है कि वह स्थिति कुछ ज़रूरी चीज़ों को खतरे में डाल रही है।

I think poetry will survive and I don't think it will be the end of poetry. Our tremendous onslaught of mass media all the time that we're suffering and we don't really know how to think about, I think that puts certain things at risk.

I think poetry will survive and I don't think it will be the end of poetry. Our tremendous onslaught of mass media all the time that we're suffering and we don't really know how to think about, I think that puts certain things at risk.

मुझे लगता है कि जब तक आपके आगे दूसरे कवि मौजूद हैं और आप उनसे सीख सकते हैं, तब तक आपके लिए संभावनाएं हमेशा खुली रहती हैं।

I think that as long as you have other poets before you and that you can learn from them, then it's always open ended for you.

I think that as long as you have other poets before you and that you can learn from them, then it's always open ended for you.

मुझे लगता है कि यह एक ऐसा जुड़ाव है जिसकी आप केवल उम्मीद ही कर सकते हैं। यह कोई ऐसी चीज़ नहीं है जिसे आप खुद जबरन बना सकें, क्योंकि इसके लिए किसी दूसरे की मौजूदगी भी ज़रूरी है।

I think that's a connection that you can only hope for. It's not something that you can make because it needs someone else.

I think that's a connection that you can only hope for. It's not something that you can make because it needs someone else.

मुझे लगता है कि एमएफए कार्यक्रमों का नकारात्मक पहलू यह है कि वे ऐसे कई कवि पैदा कर रहे हैं जिन्हें समाज पचा नहीं सकता; आज जितने लोग कविता लिख रहे हैं, शायद उतने लोग उसे पढ़ते भी नहीं हैं और न ही उससे अपनी आजीविका चला सकते हैं।

I think that the dark side of MFA programs is that they're generating more poets than the culture can absorb and there are more people writing poetry than possibly read it or can certainly earn a living around it.

I think that the dark side of MFA programs is that they're generating more poets than the culture can absorb and there are more people writing poetry than possibly read it or can certainly earn a living around it.

मुझे लगता है कि समाज एक सीमा तक ही ऐसे लोगों को संभाल सकता है जो कविता लिखते हैं और उसी से अपनी आजीविका कमाने की कोशिश करते हैं।

I think the culture can absorb so many people writing poetry and trying to earn their living in poetry.

I think the culture can absorb so many people writing poetry and trying to earn their living in poetry.

मुझे सबसे गहरी बात यह लगती है कि कई कहानीकार कहानियां तो अच्छे से कहते हैं, पर वे बेहतरीन लेखक नहीं होते। लेकिन, जब हम साहित्य रच रहे होते हैं, तब हम पत्रकारिता नहीं कर रहे होते।

I think the deepest thing is that many fiction writers tell stories but are not elegant writers. But, we're not writing journalism when we're making literature.

I think the deepest thing is that many fiction writers tell stories but are not elegant writers. But, we're not writing journalism when we're making literature.

मुझे लगता है कि जीवन के अलग-अलग पड़ावों के लिए अलग-अलग तरह की कविताएं होती हैं—एक होती है जवानी का बेपरवाह जोश और उत्साह, दूसरी होती है जीवन के मध्य की पीड़ा और कसक, और तीसरी होती है मृत्यु के करीब पहुँचने पर लिखी जाने वाली जीवन के अंतिम दौर की कविताएं।

I think there are different kinds of poetry for different stages of life and there's the wild, exuberance of youth, there's the painful agony of midlife experience, there's the late poetry in the presence of death.

I think there are different kinds of poetry for different stages of life and there's the wild, exuberance of youth, there's the painful agony of midlife experience, there's the late poetry in the presence of death.

यह सोच पाना मुश्किल है कि शेक्सपियर ने 'द टेम्पस्ट' अपनी जवानी के दिनों में लिखी होगी। यह किसी परिपक्व चिंतन या पिछले अनुभवों को याद करके लिखी गई कृति सी प्रतीत होती है।

It's hard to think that say Shakespeare could have written "The Tempest" when he was young. It seems to be reflective work or retrospective work.

It's hard to think that say Shakespeare could have written "The Tempest" when he was young. It seems to be reflective work or retrospective work.

यह बिल्कुल ज़रूरी नहीं है कि आप सब कुछ पढ़ें। ज़रूरी यह है कि आप जो पढ़ें उसके प्रति आपके मन में संवेदनशीलता हो, आपको कोई ऐसी चीज़ मिले जो आपके लिए सचमुच मायने रखती हो, और आप वैसी ही रचना करने का प्रयास करें।

It's not important - it's not necessary that you read everything. What is necessary is that you care about things that you read and that you find something that really matters to you and you try and make something like that.

It's not important - it's not necessary that you read everything. What is necessary is that you care about things that you read and that you find something that really matters to you and you try and make something like that.

मैं मैनहट्टन की अपर वेस्ट साइड की सड़कों पर फेडेरिको गार्सिया लोर्का के साथ टहलता हूँ क्योंकि वह इलाका कभी उनका घर हुआ करता था, और मैं पेरू के महान कवि सीज़र वालेहो के साथ पेरिस की सड़कों पर घूमने की कल्पना करता हूँ जो पेरिस में रहे थे। इस तरह मैं अपनी सीखने की प्रक्रिया (अप्रेंटिसशिप) को एक नाटक की तरह खुद ही गढ़ लेता हूँ।

I walk with Federico Garcia Lorca around the Upper West Side in Manhattan because that was a neighborhood he lived in and I imagine walking around Paris with Cesar Vallejo, a great Peruvian poet who lived in Paris. And I kind of create the walk as a kind of drama of my apprenticeship.

I walk with Federico Garcia Lorca around the Upper West Side in Manhattan because that was a neighborhood he lived in and I imagine walking around Paris with Cesar Vallejo, a great Peruvian poet who lived in Paris. And I kind of create the walk as a kind of drama of my apprenticeship.

एक बार मैं एक बुकस्टोर में उपन्यासकार जेन स्माइली के साथ एक प्रश्नोत्तर सत्र कर रहा था, और किसी ने हमसे पूछा कि हमारी लिखने की प्रक्रिया क्या है। जेन ने अपनी प्रक्रिया बताई, फिर मैंने अपनी बताई, तो जेन ने कहा, "खैर, अगर मेरे पास ऐसा कोई छात्र होता तो मैं उसे कभी भी उस तरह से लिखने नहीं देती क्योंकि आप उस अंदाज़ में उपन्यास नहीं लिख सकते जिस अंदाज़ में आप कविता लिखते हैं।"

I was once doing a question and answer period with the novelist Jane Smiley in a bookstore and someone asked us what our processes were and Jane said hers and then I said mine and Jane said, "Well, if I had a student like that I'd force him never to write like that again because you could never write a novel in the way that you write poetry."

I was once doing a question and answer period with the novelist Jane Smiley in a bookstore and someone asked us what our processes were and Jane said hers and then I said mine and Jane said, "Well, if I had a student like that I'd force him never to write like that again because you could never write a novel in the way that you write poetry."

मुझे हाल ही में 'पोएट्री इन पर्सन्स' नाम की एक किताब देखकर बड़ा आश्चर्य हुआ, जो पर्ल लंदन की क्लास में कवियों के आने पर आधारित है।

I was surprised recently to find a book called "Poetry in Persons" that's coming out about visit to poets to a class that Pearl London gave.

I was surprised recently to find a book called "Poetry in Persons" that's coming out about visit to poets to a class that Pearl London gave.

काश मैं पहले कच्चे प्रारूप (ड्राफ्ट) लिखता और फिर उनमें संशोधन करता, लेकिन मैं ऐसा नहीं करता। मैं तो साथ-साथ लिखते हुए ही उसमें सुधार करता चलता हूँ।

I wish I wrote drafts and then revised them, but I don't. What I do is I seem to revise as I go.

I wish I wrote drafts and then revised them, but I don't. What I do is I seem to revise as I go.

मैं इस बात से ज़्यादा खुश होता अगर एमएफए कार्यक्रमों से गुजरने वाले लोग पहले से ही कविता के पक्के और समर्पित पाठक होते, क्योंकि हमें जितने कवियों की ज़रूरत है, उतने ही पाठकों की भी ज़रूरत है।

I would be happier if people who went through MFA programs also were already, by then, deeply committed readers of poetry because we need readers of poetry as much as writers of poetry.

I would be happier if people who went through MFA programs also were already, by then, deeply committed readers of poetry because we need readers of poetry as much as writers of poetry.

मैं किसी युवा कवि से यही कहूँगा कि आप एक ऐसी चीज़ से जुड़ने जा रहे हैं जो बेहद महत्वपूर्ण है, और मानवीय संवेदनाओं के मामले में जो हमेशा से महत्वपूर्ण रही है।

I would keep in mind to a young poet that you are entering into something that is very important, that has always been important in terms of human concerns.

I would keep in mind to a young poet that you are entering into something that is very important, that has always been important in terms of human concerns.

मैं यह कहूँगा कि कविताएं कई तरह की होती हैं। कविता के इतिहास में कुछ ऐसी चीज़ें हैं जिन्हें कवियों ने बहुत कम उम्र में पा लिया था जिन्हें कभी पीछे नहीं छोड़ा जा सकता; और यह एक अद्भुत, अजीब अनुभव होता है जब आप आर्थर रैम्बो के बारे में सोचते हैं जिन्होंने 17 से 21 साल की उम्र के बीच कविताएं लिखीं और 22 साल की उम्र तक जिनका पूरा साहित्यिक जीवन समाप्त हो चुका था।

I would say there are different kinds of poems. There are things that poets in the history of poetry hit upon when they're very young that can never be outdone and it's a remarkable, strange experience when you think of say Arthur Rimbaud who write poetry between the ages of 17 and 21 whose career was over by the time he was 22.

I would say there are different kinds of poems. There are things that poets in the history of poetry hit upon when they're very young that can never be outdone and it's a remarkable, strange experience when you think of say Arthur Rimbaud who write poetry between the ages of 17 and 21 whose career was over by the time he was 22.

मैं एक पंक्ति लिखता हूँ और फिर उसमें सुधार करता हूँ, फिर दो पंक्तियाँ लिखता हूँ और पहली व दूसरी पंक्ति को सुधारता हूँ, फिर एक, दो और तीन पंक्तियाँ लिखकर पहली और दूसरी में सुधार करता हूँ, फिर सातवीं और आठवीं पंक्ति लिखकर देखता हूँ कि अरे, यह तो चौथी पंक्ति होनी चाहिए—और लिखते-लिखते मैं लगातार उसमें फेरबदल करता रहता हूँ।

I write a line and then I revise the line and then I write two lines and then I revise lines one and two and then I write one, two and three and I revise one and two and then I write seven and eight and then I see that should be line four and I continually work it over as I go.

I write a line and then I revise the line and then I write two lines and then I revise lines one and two and then I write one, two and three and I revise one and two and then I write seven and eight and then I see that should be line four and I continually work it over as I go.

भाषा एक शुद्ध माध्यम नहीं है। बोलचाल सार्वजनिक संपत्ति है और शब्द समाज की ऐसी मैली उपज हैं, जिन्हें प्रकृति ने नहीं बल्कि समाज ने गढ़ा है, जो समाज में घूमते हैं और हज़ारों अलग-अलग कामों के लिए इस्तेमाल किए जाते हैं।

Language is an impure medium. Speech is public property and words are the soiled products, not of nature, but of society, which circulates and uses them for a thousand different ends.

Language is an impure medium. Speech is public property and words are the soiled products, not of nature, but of society, which circulates and uses them for a thousand different ends.

मेरा पूरा ध्यान पाठक पर होता है और कवि का काम खुद को प्रेरित करना नहीं होता। कवि का काम तो किसी भावी पाठक को प्रेरित करना होता है। इसलिए, एक पाठक के रूप में आपकी यह ज़िम्मेदारी है कि आप उन बोतलों को ढूंढें, उनके ढक्कन खोलें और उनके भीतर बंद संदेशों को खुद अपने भीतर महसूस करें।

My focus is on the reader and that the poet's job is not to inspire himself or herself. The poet's job is to inspire some future reader. And so, as a reader you have a task to do in finding those bottles and opening up the messages and experiencing what's in them inside of yourself.

My focus is on the reader and that the poet's job is not to inspire himself or herself. The poet's job is to inspire some future reader. And so, as a reader you have a task to do in finding those bottles and opening up the messages and experiencing what's in them inside of yourself.

अब जैसे-जैसे मेरी उम्र बढ़ी है, मैं और तेज़ी से लिख पाता हूँ। कई बार मैं ऐसी मानसिक स्थिति में आ जाता हूँ कि एक ही दिन में बहुत कुछ लिख लेता हूँ।

Now, as I've gotten older I've been able to write more quickly. Sometimes I get in the space of something and I can do a lot in a day.

Now, as I've gotten older I've been able to write more quickly. Sometimes I get in the space of something and I can do a lot in a day.

अब मैं यही कहता हूँ, "संभव है। शायद आप पहले व्यक्ति हों। मैं यह नहीं कह रहा कि यह नामुमकिन है, लेकिन सफलता की संभावना आपके बहुत खिलाफ है।" सभी महान कवि महान पाठक रहे हैं और कविता की कला सीखने का सबसे अच्छा तरीका यही है कि आप दूसरी कविताएं पढ़ें और उन्हें अपना मार्गदर्शक बनने दें।

Now, I do say, "It's possible. You might be the first. I'm not saying it's impossible, but the odds are very much against you." All great poets have been great readers and the way to learn your craft in poetry is by reading other poetry and by letting it guide you.

Now, I do say, "It's possible. You might be the first. I'm not saying it's impossible, but the odds are very much against you." All great poets have been great readers and the way to learn your craft in poetry is by reading other poetry and by letting it guide you.

चाहे वह कोई पारंपरिक रूप हो या फिर आपकी अपनी खोजी हुई कोई शैली। यह रूपक का विकास हो सकता है, या किसी रूपक को गहराई से जीना हो सकता है।

Now, that can be a traditional form or it can be something you're inventing. It can be the development of a metaphor, the working through of a metaphor.

Now, that can be a traditional form or it can be something you're inventing. It can be the development of a metaphor, the working through of a metaphor.

कविता लिखने की प्रक्रिया बेहद उलझी हुई होती है। यह न तो कभी व्यवस्थित होती है और न ही हर बार एक जैसी होती है।

Now, the process of writing poetry is very messy. Not systematic, never quite the same

Now, the process of writing poetry is very messy. Not systematic, never quite the same

अक्सर आपने कोई ऐसी कविता पढ़ी होगी जो आपको इतनी खूबसूरत लगती है कि वैसी ही रचना आप भी करना चाहते हैं। इसलिए आप एक ऐसा सोनैट (चतुर्दश पदी) बनाने की कोशिश करते हैं जो एक खास अंदाज़ में काम करे, या फिर आप कोई गीत जैसी रचना बुनना चाहते हैं, कोई टेक (रिफ़्रेन) बनाते हैं, या आपको दो पंक्तियों के बंध (स्तनज़ा) वाली कविताओं की शैली इतनी पसंद आती है कि आप भी वैसा ही करने का प्रयास करते हैं।

Often you've read another poem that you think is so beautiful that you'd like to make something like that. And so you try to make a sonnet that works in a certain kind of way, or you try to make something that's songlike, or you create a refrain, or you love the way a poem works in two line stanzas and you try to do that.

Often you've read another poem that you think is so beautiful that you'd like to make something like that. And so you try to make a sonnet that works in a certain kind of way, or you try to make something that's songlike, or you create a refrain, or you love the way a poem works in two line stanzas and you try to do that.

कविता के सबसे गहरे और बुनियादी तत्वों में से एक है—ध्वनियों, अक्षरों, शब्दों, वाक्यांशों, पंक्तियों और अंतरा की पुनरावृत्ति। दोहराव कविता की सबसे नशीली और मोहक विशेषताओं में से एक हो सकता है। यह उम्मीदें जगाता है, जो पूरी भी हो सकती हैं और टूटी भी सकती हैं। इससे बोरियत और आत्म-संतोष का भाव भी पैदा हो सकता है, लेकिन साथ ही यह जादू जगाकर परमानंद की अनुभूति भी करा सकता है।

One of the deep fundamentals of poetry is the recurrence of sounds, syllables, words, phrases, lines, and stanzas. Repetition can be one of the most intoxicating features of poetry. It creates expectations, which can be fulfilled or frustrated. It can create a sense of boredom and complacency, but it can also incite enchantment and inspire bliss.

One of the deep fundamentals of poetry is the recurrence of sounds, syllables, words, phrases, lines, and stanzas. Repetition can be one of the most intoxicating features of poetry. It creates expectations, which can be fulfilled or frustrated. It can create a sense of boredom and complacency, but it can also incite enchantment and inspire bliss.

पहला यह कि इसमें कुछ न कुछ भावनात्मक रूप से दांव पर होना चाहिए। जिस विषय पर मैं लिख रहा हूँ, उसका मेरे लिए कुछ खास महत्व होना चाहिए। और दूसरा, मेरे पास कोई वैचारिक या शिल्पगत विचार (फॉर्मल आइडिया) होना चाहिए। कविता में किसी बात पर काम किया जाना ज़रूरी है।

One, something emotional has to be at stake. There has to be something important for me that I'm writing about. And then two, I have to have a formal idea. Something has to be being worked out in poetry.

One, something emotional has to be at stake. There has to be something important for me that I'm writing about. And then two, I have to have a formal idea. Something has to be being worked out in poetry.

यह अहसास कि चीज़ें नश्वर हैं, हर चीज़ बीत रही है, और यदि आप अनुभव के अंतहीन प्रवाह और दुनिया की इस भागदौड़ से कुछ बचाना चाहते हैं, तो आपको एक खूंटा गाड़ना होगा और कुछ ऐसा बनाने की कोशिश करनी होगी जो टिक सके।

Our sense that things are transient, that everything is passing and then if you want to save something from the endless flux of experience and the world's movement, you have to set down a stake and try and make something that will last.

Our sense that things are transient, that everything is passing and then if you want to save something from the endless flux of experience and the world's movement, you have to set down a stake and try and make something that will last.

कविता हमें हमारे भीतर की सबसे गहरी चीज़ से जोड़ती है। यह हमारी अपनी भावनाओं तक हमारी पहुँच बनाती है, जो अक्सर धुंधली होती हैं, और हमें अर्थ गढ़ने की कला में शामिल करती है। यह हमारे अंतस के दायरे को चौड़ा करती है। यह भाषा में होने वाली एक जादुई, रहस्यमयी और अकथनीय (भले ही पूरी तरह से असंभव न हो) घटना है।

Poetry connects us to what is deepest in ourselves. It gives us access to our own feelings, which are often shadowy, and engages us in the art of making meaning. It widens the space of our inner lives. It is a magical, mysterious, inexplicable (though not incomprehensible) event in language.

Poetry connects us to what is deepest in ourselves. It gives us access to our own feelings, which are often shadowy, and engages us in the art of making meaning. It widens the space of our inner lives. It is a magical, mysterious, inexplicable (though not incomprehensible) event in language.

कविता का आकर्षण कभी कम नहीं होता। कभी इसके चाहने वाले कम हो जाते हैं और कभी किसी लहर की तरह बढ़ जाते हैं। लेकिन इंसान होने का जो बुनियादी रहस्य है, वह हमेशा हमें आकर्षित करता रहेगा और अपनी ओर खींचेगा। हम सब किसी न किसी रहस्य से जुड़े हैं। कविता हमें शब्दों के ज़रिए उसी रहस्य के संपर्क में लाती है। हमें इसकी हमेशा ज़रूरत रहेगी।

Poetry never loses its appeal. Sometimes its audience wanes and sometimes it swells like a wave. But the essential mystery of being human is always going to engage and compel us. We're involved in a mystery. Poetry uses words to put us in touch with that mystery. We're always going to need it.

Poetry never loses its appeal. Sometimes its audience wanes and sometimes it swells like a wave. But the essential mystery of being human is always going to engage and compel us. We're involved in a mystery. Poetry uses words to put us in touch with that mystery. We're always going to need it.

पाठक कविता में अपने खुद के अनुभव, अपनी समझ का दायरा, अपनी बुद्धिमत्ता, अपना ज्ञान और अपनी अंतर्दृष्टि लेकर आते हैं, और कविता का अर्थ कवि, कविता और पाठक के बीच आपसी संवाद के दौरान ही आकार लेता है।

Readers bring their own experiences, their own range of - their own wisdom, their own knowledge, their own insights to poem and the meaning of a poem takes place in the negotiation between the poet, the poem and the reader.

Readers bring their own experiences, their own range of - their own wisdom, their own knowledge, their own insights to poem and the meaning of a poem takes place in the negotiation between the poet, the poem and the reader.

कविता पढ़ना नवीनता की ओर एक रोमांचक यात्रा है, एक रचनात्मक प्रक्रिया है, एक कभी न खत्म होने वाली शुरुआत है, और अश्चर्य व विस्मय का पुनर्जन्म है।

Reading poetry is an adventure in renewal, a creative act, a perpetual beginning, a rebirth of wonder.

Reading poetry is an adventure in renewal, a creative act, a perpetual beginning, a rebirth of wonder.

आधी रात को अकेले में कविताएँ पढ़िए। एक अकेला लैंप जलाइए और किसी ऐसे कमरे में अकेले बैठ कर पढ़िए जो चारों तरफ़ अंधेरे में डूबा हो, या जबकि आपके पास ही कोई दूसरा व्यक्ति सो रहा हो। जब आप सुबह-सवेरे पूरी तरह जगे हुए और तरोताज़ा हों, तब इन्हें पढ़िए। खुद से इन कविताओं को ऐसी जगह पर दोहराइए जहाँ पूरी खामोशी हो और इस दुनिया का शोरगुल—वह लगातार गूँजता हुआ कोलाहल जो हर तरफ़ हमें घेरे रहता है—कुछ पलों के लिए थम गया हो। ये कविताएँ आपको ढूँढते हुए बहुत दूर से आई हैं।

Read poems to yourself in the middle of the night. Turn on a single lamp and read them while you're alone in an otherwise dark room or while someone else sleeps next to you. Read them when you're wide awake in the early morning, fully alert. Say them over to yourself in a place where silence reigns and the din of the culture — the constant buzzing noise that surrounds us — has momentarily stopped. These poems have come from a great distance to find you.

Read poems to yourself in the middle of the night. Turn on a single lamp and read them while you're alone in an otherwise dark room or while someone else sleeps next to you. Read them when you're wide awake in the early morning, fully alert. Say them over to yourself in a place where silence reigns and the din of the culture — the constant buzzing noise that surrounds us — has momentarily stopped. These poems have come from a great distance to find you.

हिब्रू बाइबल के विद्वान एक ऐसी विधा को परिभाषित करते हैं जिसे वे 'ज्ञान साहित्य' (विस्डम लिटरेचर) कहते हैं। मैं कहूँगा कि ज्ञान की कविता स्पष्ट रूप से वह चीज़ है जो उम्र के साथ आती है, या उम्र बढ़ने पर आ सकती है, जिसका संबंध अनुभवों पर चिंतन करने से होता है।

Scholars of the Hebrew bible define something they call wisdom literature and I would say clearly the poetry of wisdom is something that comes with age or that might come with age which has to do with reflecting on experience.

Scholars of the Hebrew bible define something they call wisdom literature and I would say clearly the poetry of wisdom is something that comes with age or that might come with age which has to do with reflecting on experience.

उन्होंने [कैरोल पार्सिनान] किसी तरह मेरी कविताएँ पढ़ीं और मेरे पास वापस आईं और मुझे यकीन दिलाया कि मैं एक कवि बन सकता हूँ, कि मेरे भीतर एक कवि बनने का जुनून, उत्साह और रचनात्मकता है, लेकिन मैं जो लिख रहा था वह कविता नहीं थी क्योंकि मैं सिर्फ अपनी भावनाओं को व्यक्त कर रहा था और कुछ नया रचने की कोशिश नहीं कर रहा था।

She [Carol Parsinan] somehow read my poems and came back to me and convinced me that I could be a poet, that I had the passion and the enthusiasm and the creativity to become a poet, but that what I was writing was not poetry because I was just expressing my feelings and I wasn't try to make anything.

She [Carol Parsinan] somehow read my poems and came back to me and convinced me that I could be a poet, that I had the passion and the enthusiasm and the creativity to become a poet, but that what I was writing was not poetry because I was just expressing my feelings and I wasn't try to make anything.

तो यह कोशिश और भूल (ट्रायल एंड एरर) की एक निरंतर प्रक्रिया है, फिर मुझे कुछ चीज़ें मिलती हैं और मैं उन्हें फेंक देता हूँ और फिर से शुरुआत करता हूँ, लेकिन मैं उसे बार-बार लिखता रहता हूँ।

So, it's a continual process of trial and error and then I find things and I throw it out and start again, but I keep writing it over again.

So, it's a continual process of trial and error and then I find things and I throw it out and start again, but I keep writing it over again.

कभी-कभी मेरे मन में एक ऐसा भाव होता है जिससे मैं पीछा नहीं छुड़ा पाता। कभी-कभी कोई ऐसा अनुभव होता है जिसके बारे में मैं लिखना चाहता हूँ और जिसे अपने दिल से बाहर निकालना ही होता है। कभी-कभी कुछ शब्द आपको अपनी ओर खींच लेते हैं।

Sometimes I have a feeling that I just can't get rid of. Sometimes there's an experience that I want to write about that I have to get off my chest. Sometimes there are some words that appeal to you.

Sometimes I have a feeling that I just can't get rid of. Sometimes there's an experience that I want to write about that I have to get off my chest. Sometimes there are some words that appeal to you.

कभी-कभी शीर्षक शुरुआत में ही मिल जाता है, तो कभी-कभी अंत में मिलता है। मेरे अनुभव के अनुसार सबसे बेहतरीन स्थिति तब होती है जब वह बीच में मिलता है।

Sometimes the title comes to you at the beginning, sometimes it comes at the end. The very best way in my experience is when it comes in the middle.

Sometimes the title comes to you at the beginning, sometimes it comes at the end. The very best way in my experience is when it comes in the middle.

इसलिए, मैंने जितनी भी सबसे कठिन औपचारिक कविताएँ लिखी हैं, जैसे एक वाक्य वाले सोनैट, उन्हें मैं काफी जल्दी लिख पाया हूँ, जबकि मैंने जितनी भी सबसे स्पष्ट और सरल抒गीय (लिरिक) कविताएँ लिखी हैं, उस भावना की स्पष्टता तक पहुँचने में मुझे सबसे अधिक समय लगा है, जिसकी तलाश आपको होती है।

So, some of the most difficult formal poems that I've written, say one sentence sonnets, I've been able to do those fairly quickly whereas some of the clearest, simplest lyrics that I've written have taken me the longest to get to the clarity of feeling that you're looking for.

So, some of the most difficult formal poems that I've written, say one sentence sonnets, I've been able to do those fairly quickly whereas some of the clearest, simplest lyrics that I've written have taken me the longest to get to the clarity of feeling that you're looking for.

तो संशोधन (रिवाइज़ करने) की प्रक्रिया कोई व्यवस्थित प्रक्रिया नहीं है। लेकिन जहाँ तक मेरी बात है, मैं ऐसे कई कवियों को जानता हूँ जो एक ड्राफ्ट लिखते हैं और फिर उसे संशोधित करते हैं और मुझे लगता है कि वे ज़्यादा खुशहाल लोग हैं। लेकिन, मैं बस इस तरह से काम नहीं कर पा रहा हूँ। मुझे लिखते-लिखते ही लगातार उस पर विचार करने की ज़रूरत होती है।

So, the process of revision, it's not systematic. But for me, I mean, I know a lot of poets who write out a draft and then revise it and I think they're happier people. But, I'm just not able to do it that way. I need to just continually examine it as I do it.

So, the process of revision, it's not systematic. But for me, I mean, I know a lot of poets who write out a draft and then revise it and I think they're happier people. But, I'm just not able to do it that way. I need to just continually examine it as I do it.

तो इसका परिणाम यह होता है कि जब तक मेरे हाथ कुछ आता है, उस पर इतनी बार काम किया जा चुका होता है कि भले ही मैं अंत में कुछ बदलाव करता हूँ, अक्सर जब वह मेरे पास आता है, तो वह लगभग पूरा हो चुका होता है।

So, the result though is by the time I've got something, it's been worked over so many times that although I do make changes as the end, often by the time I've gotten it, it's pretty much completed.

So, the result though is by the time I've got something, it's been worked over so many times that although I do make changes as the end, often by the time I've gotten it, it's pretty much completed.

टीवी देखने से पढ़ने की आदत कम ज़रूर होती है और अक्सर यह होमवर्क में भी बाधा डालती है। माना कि इसमें से ज़्यादातर बौद्धिक रूप से जंक फूड के बराबर है। लेकिन कुछ मायनों में, जैसे मानक लिखित अंग्रेज़ी के प्रयोग के मामले में, टेलीविज़न देखना संस्कृति में ढलने में मदद करता है।

Television watching does reduce reading and often encroaches on homework. Much of it is admittedly the intellectual equivalent of junk food. But in some respects, such as its use of standard written English, television watching is acculturative.

Television watching does reduce reading and often encroaches on homework. Much of it is admittedly the intellectual equivalent of junk food. But in some respects, such as its use of standard written English, television watching is acculturative.

यानी कई कवि कहानी कहना नहीं जानते और उन्हें यह अंदाज़ नहीं होता कि कहानी कहने के लिए चीज़ों को किस क्रम में रखा जाए। और हमें लगा कि कवि कथा-लेखकों (फिक्शन राइटर्स) से कुछ सीख सकते हैं—जैसे समय के साथ किसी ऐसे चरित्र को विकसित करना जो सिर्फ आप खुद न हों, और साथ ही एक कथा-संरचना (नैरेटिव स्ट्रक्चर) तैयार करना।

That is many poets don't know how to tell a story and they don't have a sense of how to put things in order to tell a story and we thought the poets could learn from fiction writers something about developing a character over time who wasn't just you and also creating a narrative structure.

That is many poets don't know how to tell a story and they don't have a sense of how to put things in order to tell a story and we thought the poets could learn from fiction writers something about developing a character over time who wasn't just you and also creating a narrative structure.

जब आप कोई पंक्ति लिखते हैं या किसी बात के बारे में सोचते हैं, तो ऐसा लगता है कि उसमें एक गहरी ऊर्जा समाई हुई है, क्योंकि शीर्षक को किसी प्रकार का संकेत होना चाहिए, एक ऐसी चीज़ जो एक जगह तय करे, और आगे आने वाली चीज़ों के लिए एक दायरा बनाए।

That you write a phrase or you think of something and it seems to have a deeper charge because the title has to be some kind of marker, something setting out a space, creating a space for what's going to come.

That you write a phrase or you think of something and it seems to have a deeper charge because the title has to be some kind of marker, something setting out a space, creating a space for what's going to come.

आज अमेरिका में संस्कृति की जो ध्यान भटकाने वाली बीमारी (एडीएचडी) घर कर गई है, वह बेहद चिंताजनक है और मुझे लगता है कि इससे कई चीज़ें खतरे में पड़ रही हैं, सिर्फ कविता ही नहीं।

The attention deficit disorder of the culture is very distressing in America now and I think it puts a lot of things at risk, not just poetry.

The attention deficit disorder of the culture is very distressing in America now and I think it puts a lot of things at risk, not just poetry.

नात्सी यहूदी नरसंहार (होलोकॉस्ट) के महान कवि पॉल सेलान ने कहा था कि कविता एक बोतल में बंद वह संदेश है जिसे इस उम्मीद के साथ भेजा जाता है—भले ही वह उम्मीद हमेशा बहुत ज़्यादा न हो—कि कभी न कभी, कहीं न कहीं वह किसी तट पर पहुँच ही जाएगी, शायद किसी के दिल के करीब पहुँच जाएगी।

The great post-Holocaust poet, Paul Celan, said that a poem is a message in a bottle sent out in the not always greatly hopeful belief that somewhere and some time it would wash up on land on heartland perhaps.

The great post-Holocaust poet, Paul Celan, said that a poem is a message in a bottle sent out in the not always greatly hopeful belief that somewhere and some time it would wash up on land on heartland perhaps.

बोतल में बंद संदेश के रूप में कविता के विचार का अर्थ यह है कि इसे किसी भावी पाठक की ओर भेजा जाता है और जो पाठक उस बोतल को खोलता है, वह उस साहित्यिक पाठ का प्राप्तकर्ता (अड्रेसी) बन जाता है।

The idea of a poem as a message in a bottle means that it's sent out towards some future reader and the reader who opens that bottle becomes the addressee of the literary text.

The idea of a poem as a message in a bottle means that it's sent out towards some future reader and the reader who opens that bottle becomes the addressee of the literary text.

कविता को पढ़ने का तरीका इस विचार पर आधारित है कि कविता को एक पाठक के रूप में आपकी ज़रूरत होती है। कविता का अनुभव, कविता में निहित अर्थ एक तरह का सर्किट है जो एक कवि, एक कविता और एक पाठक के बीच बनता है और अर्थ अकेले कविताओं में मौजूद नहीं होता या उनमें निहित नहीं होता।

The idea of how to read a poem is based on the idea that poetry needs you as a reader. That the experience of poetry, the meaning in poetry is a kind of circuit that takes place between a poet, a poem and a reader and that meaning doesn't exist or in here in poems alone.

The idea of how to read a poem is based on the idea that poetry needs you as a reader. That the experience of poetry, the meaning in poetry is a kind of circuit that takes place between a poet, a poem and a reader and that meaning doesn't exist or in here in poems alone.

कल्पना शक्ति समझ की एक इंद्रिय है। और कल्पना को अपनी उस चमकीلی और प्रकाशमान मंजिल को पाने के लिए अपने पास मौजूद सभी क्षमताओं, सभी संवेदनशीलता, अपनी पूरी चेतना और अचेतन बुद्धि को एक साथ जुटाने की ज़रूरत होती है।

The imagination is an organ of understanding. And the imagination needs all the faculties at hand, all the sensibility, all the conscious and unconscious intelligence it can galvanize to fulfill its luminous mission.

The imagination is an organ of understanding. And the imagination needs all the faculties at hand, all the sensibility, all the conscious and unconscious intelligence it can galvanize to fulfill its luminous mission.

कविता लिखने की सबसे रहस्यमयी बात यह है कि जब आप—जब स्थितियाँ अच्छी नहीं चल रही होती हैं, जब आप ठीक से सोच नहीं पा रहे होते हैं, तब दो वाक्यों को एक साथ जोड़ना भी बेहद मुश्किल हो जाता है और मैं उनके बीच तालमेल नहीं बिठा पाता।

The mysterious thing about writing poetry is that when you're - when things are going poorly, when you're not thinking well, even making two sentences together is extremely hard and I just can't make the connections.

The mysterious thing about writing poetry is that when you're - when things are going poorly, when you're not thinking well, even making two sentences together is extremely hard and I just can't make the connections.

फिर मुझे एक और कविता मिली, दादाजी की कविता। बाद में पता चला कि वह एमिली ब्रॉन्टे द्वारा लिखी गई थी और वह मेरे दादाजी की कविता बिल्कुल भी नहीं थी, हालांकि उसके प्रति मेरी प्रतिक्रिया, मुझे लगता है, लगभग वैसी ही थी, बस मैंने लेखक का नाम गलत समझ लिया था।

Then I found another one, grandpa's poem. It turned out it had been written by Emily Brontë and it wasn't my grandfather's poem at all, although my response to it, I think, was pretty much the same, I just had the author wrong.

Then I found another one, grandpa's poem. It turned out it had been written by Emily Brontë and it wasn't my grandfather's poem at all, although my response to it, I think, was pretty much the same, I just had the author wrong.

कवियों को चरित्र और कथा (नैरेटिव) पर अधिक ध्यान देना सीखने की ज़रूरत थी।

The poets needed to learn to pay greater attention to character and to narrative.

The poets needed to learn to pay greater attention to character and to narrative.

कवि न्याय चाहता है और कवि कला भी चाहता है। कविता में हम एक के बिना दूसरा नहीं पा सकते।

The poet wants justice. And the poet wants art. In poetry we can't have one without the other.

The poet wants justice. And the poet wants art. In poetry we can't have one without the other.

ऐसे कई कवि हैं जिन्हें मैं अपना आदर्श मानता हूँ। मेरी कविताओं की पहली किताब में, "स्लीपवॉकर्स" के लिए, ऐसी कई शुरुआती कविताएँ थीं जिनमें मैं एक ऐसे कवि के साथ सैर पर निकलता हूँ जो अब इस दुनिया में नहीं है।

There are many poets that use as my models. In my first book of poems, I had several for the "Sleepwalkers," I had several poems that were apprentice poems like this in which I take a walk with a poet who is no longer alive.

There are many poets that use as my models. In my first book of poems, I had several for the "Sleepwalkers," I had several poems that were apprentice poems like this in which I take a walk with a poet who is no longer alive.

आज तक कोई ऐसा महान कवि नहीं हुआ जो कविता का एक महान पाठक न रहा हो।

There has never been a great poet who wasn't also a great reader of poetry.

There has never been a great poet who wasn't also a great reader of poetry.

जाने के लिए हमेशा कोई न कोई जगह होती है। आपको कार्यशालाओं की ज़रूरत नहीं है, आपको दोस्तों की भी ज़रूरत नहीं है, साहित्य खुद ही आपका मित्र बन सकता है।

There's always some place to go. You don't need workshops, you don't need friends necessarily, you can be befriended by literature itself.

There's always some place to go. You don't need workshops, you don't need friends necessarily, you can be befriended by literature itself.

इतिहास में ऐसा कोई कवि, कोई महान कवि नहीं हुआ है जो कविता का महान पाठक न रहा हो। जब मैं यह अपने छात्रों को बताता हूँ, तो वे कभी-कभी परेशान हो जाते हैं।

There's been no poet, no great poet in the history of poetry who hasn't also been a great reader of poetry. This is sometimes distressing to my students when I tell them this.

There's been no poet, no great poet in the history of poetry who hasn't also been a great reader of poetry. This is sometimes distressing to my students when I tell them this.

दुनिया के इतिहास में ऐसी कोई संस्कृति नहीं रही जहाँ कविता न हो। हर संस्कृति में, हर भाषा में एक अभिव्यंजक खेल होता है, शब्दों का कलात्मक खेल होता है, और भाषा का उपयोग अलग-अलग उद्देश्यों के लिए होता है जिसे हम कविता कहते हैं।

There's never been a culture without poetry in the history of the world. In every culture, in every language there is expressive play, expressive word play, there's language use to different purposes that we would call poetry.

There's never been a culture without poetry in the history of the world. In every culture, in every language there is expressive play, expressive word play, there's language use to different purposes that we would call poetry.

युवावस्था का वह अद्भुत दुस्साहस, जिसे कवि अपनी शुरुआती रचनाओं में पकड़ लेते हैं, उसे वे जीवन में कभी दोबारा नहीं दोहरा पाते।

There's the brilliant audacity of youth that poets strike upon in their earliest work sometimes that they never can hit upon again.

There's the brilliant audacity of youth that poets strike upon in their earliest work sometimes that they never can hit upon again.

कविता के लिए आध्यात्मिक तड़प इतनी तीव्र हो सकती है कि अपने भीतर की असीम गहराइयों, विशाल दूरियों और अपने कल्याण को महसूस करने और उन्हें नाम देने के लिए मुझे इसकी बहुत आवश्यकता महसूस होती है।

The spiritual desire for poetry can be overwhelming, so much do I need it to experience and name my own perilous depths and vast spaces, my own well-being.

The spiritual desire for poetry can be overwhelming, so much do I need it to experience and name my own perilous depths and vast spaces, my own well-being.

एमएफए (MFA) कार्यक्रमों की सबसे अच्छी बात यह है कि वे लोकतांत्रिक होते हैं। वे बहुत से अलग-अलग लोगों को एक मंच पर लाते हैं।

The very good thing about MFA programs is their democratizing. They bring a lot of different people to the table.

The very good thing about MFA programs is their democratizing. They bring a lot of different people to the table.

कवि बनने का तरीका यह है कि आप कविताएँ पढ़ें, जो पढ़ा है उसकी नकल करें, और जितना हो सके डूब कर, जुनून के साथ और व्यापक स्तर पर पढ़ाई करें।

The way to become a poet is to read poetry and to imitate what you read and to read passionately and widely and in as involved a way as you can.

The way to become a poet is to read poetry and to imitate what you read and to read passionately and widely and in as involved a way as you can.

मुझे लगता है कि आपकी उम्मीद यह होनी चाहिए कि जीवन के अलग-अलग दौर में आप ऐसी कविताएँ लिख सकें जो आपकी अपनी यात्रा के उस पल को दर्शाती हों।

think what you hope for is that at different times of your life you're able to write the poetry that reflects the moment that you're in on your own journey.

think what you hope for is that at different times of your life you're able to write the poetry that reflects the moment that you're in on your own journey.

आख़िरकार आप किसी दूसरे व्यक्ति तक पहुँचने और उसकी इंसानी गर्माहट को महसूस करने की कोशिश कर रहे होते हैं। लेकिन, खासकर लिखित कविता में, वह शब्दों में दर्ज होती है और केवल वह पाठ (text) अपने आप यह काम नहीं कर सकता; एक कवि के रूप में आप सिर्फ अपना सबसे अच्छा प्रयास कर सकते हैं।

Ultimately you're trying to reach across and find some other person, some other human warmth. But it is, especially in written poetry, it is inscribed in a text and the text can't do that work by itself and you as a poet can only do your best.

Ultimately you're trying to reach across and find some other person, some other human warmth. But it is, especially in written poetry, it is inscribed in a text and the text can't do that work by itself and you as a poet can only do your best.

हम भाषा में कुछ ऐसा गढ़ने की कोशिश कर रहे हैं जो टिकाऊ हो, और इसमें कोई दो राय नहीं है कि कई कथाकार (fiction writers) एक कवि के रूप में शुरू हुए थे, और मेरे लिए ऐसे किसी भी अच्छे कथाकार की कल्पना करना मुश्किल है जो कविता न पढ़ता हो।

We're trying to make something that lasts in language and there's no question that many fiction writers began as poets and it's hard for me to think of any good fiction writers who don't also read poetry.

We're trying to make something that lasts in language and there's no question that many fiction writers began as poets and it's hard for me to think of any good fiction writers who don't also read poetry.

हम एक न्यायप्रिय और समृद्ध समाज तभी बना पाएंगे जब हमारे स्कूल यह सुनिश्चित करें कि हर व्यक्ति के पास पर्याप्त साझा बुनियादी ज्ञान हो, जिससे वह बाकी सभी से प्रभावी ढंग से संवाद कर सके।

We will be able to achieve a just and prosperous society only when our schools ensure that everyone commands enough shared background knowledge to be able to communicate effectively with everyone else.

We will be able to achieve a just and prosperous society only when our schools ensure that everyone commands enough shared background knowledge to be able to communicate effectively with everyone else.

जब मैंने ह्यूस्टन विश्वविद्यालय के क्रिएटिव राइटिंग प्रोग्राम में पढ़ाया, तो हमने कवियों के लिए फिक्शन राइटिंग की कार्यशालाओं में भाग लेना और फिक्शन लेखकों के लिए कविता की कार्यशालाओं में भाग लेना अनिवार्य कर दिया था। इसके पीछे कारण यह था कि फिक्शन लेखकों को शायद भाषा पर अधिक ध्यान देना सीखने की ज़रूरत थी, यह समझने की कि भाषा काम कैसे करती है।

When I taught at the University of Houston in the Creative Writing program we required the poets to take workshops in fiction writing and we required the fiction writers to take workshops in poetry. And the reason for that is because the fiction writers seemed to need to learn how to pay greater attention to language itself, to the way that language works.

When I taught at the University of Houston in the Creative Writing program we required the poets to take workshops in fiction writing and we required the fiction writers to take workshops in poetry. And the reason for that is because the fiction writers seemed to need to learn how to pay greater attention to language itself, to the way that language works.

जब मैं कॉलेज में प्रथम वर्ष का छात्र था, तो मैं आयोवा के ग्रिनेल कॉलेज गया था। मैं अपनी कविताएँ अपनी प्रथम वर्ष की मानविकी (humanities) की शिक्षिका के पास ले गया जिनका नाम कैरोल पार्सिनन था, वह एक अद्भुत शिक्षिका थीं। और कैरोल ने मेरे लिए सचमुच एक बहुत अच्छा काम किया। उन्होंने मुझे किसी भी अन्य व्यक्ति से ज़्यादा सिखाया।

When I was a freshman in college I went to Grinnell College in Iowa. I brought my poems to my freshman humanities teacher whose name was Carol Parsinan, a wonderful teacher. And Carol did a really great thing for me. She taught me more than anyone.

When I was a freshman in college I went to Grinnell College in Iowa. I brought my poems to my freshman humanities teacher whose name was Carol Parsinan, a wonderful teacher. And Carol did a really great thing for me. She taught me more than anyone.

जब आप इसे पा लेते हैं, तो आप किसी साहित्यिक रचना के गुप्त प्राप्तकर्ता बन जाते हैं, और मुझे महसूस हुआ कि कविता पढ़ने के इस अनुभव या कविता के असली अनुभव से आम पाठक को वंचित कर दिया गया था।

When you find it you become the secret addressee of a literary text and I felt that their reader had been left out of this experience of reading poetry or what the experience of poetry was.

When you find it you become the secret addressee of a literary text and I felt that their reader had been left out of this experience of reading poetry or what the experience of poetry was.

कला की कृतियाँ अन्य कला कृतियों की नकल करती हैं और उन्हें जन्म देती हैं, और यही प्रक्रिया कला का मूल स्त्रोत है।

Works of art imitate and provoke other works of art, the process is the source of art itself.

Works of art imitate and provoke other works of art, the process is the source of art itself.

आप स्पष्टता तलाश सकते हैं, आप अपनापन तलाश सकते हैं, आप कुछ ऐसा बनाने की कोशिश कर सकते हैं जो लंबे समय तक टिके। आप किसी चीज़ को नमक में सुरक्षित रख सकते हैं ताकि वह मज़बूत बने और आप उम्मीद कर सकते हैं कि वह समय से भी आगे तक टिकी रहे। लेकिन, आख़िरकार यह आपके हाथ में नहीं है।

You can seek clarity, you can seek warmth, you can try to make something for lasting. You can pack something in salt so that it's well made and you can hope that it outlasts time. But, ultimately that's not up to you.

You can seek clarity, you can seek warmth, you can try to make something for lasting. You can pack something in salt so that it's well made and you can hope that it outlasts time. But, ultimately that's not up to you.

आप अपने साथ और अपनी भावनाओं के साथ अकेले होते हैं और इससे आपको उस चीज़ तक गहरी पहुँच मिलती है जिससे जुड़कर आपको कविता लिखने की ज़रूरत होती है।

You're alone with yourself and your own feelings and that gives you deeper access to what you need to get in touch with to write poetry.

You're alone with yourself and your own feelings and that gives you deeper access to what you need to get in touch with to write poetry.