जेल से छूटने वाले लगभग 70% कैदी कुछ ही सालों के भीतर वापस जेल लौट आते हैं, और कुछ राज्यों में तो वापस लौटने वाले अधिकांश लोग कुछ ही महीनों में लौट आते हैं क्योंकि बाहर की दुनिया में सिर्फ जिंदा रहने की चुनौतियां ही इतनी भीषण होती हैं।
About 70% of those released from prison return within a few years, and the majority of those who return in some states do so in a matter of months because the challenges associated with mere survival on the outside are so immense.
About 70% of those released from prison return within a few years, and the majority of those who return in some states do so in a matter of months because the challenges associated with mere survival on the outside are so immense.
हर इंसान गलतियां करता है। हम सब पापी हैं। हम सब अपराधी हैं। जीवन के किसी न किसी मोड़ पर हम सब कानून तोड़ते हैं। दरअसल, अगर आपके द्वारा किया गया सबसे बड़ा गुनाह भी हाईवे पर गति सीमा से दस मील प्रति घंटे की रफ्तार से गाड़ी चलाना है, तो आपने अपने और दूसरों के लिए किसी के अपने लिविंग रूम में बैठकर गांजा पीने वाले व्यक्ति की तुलना में कहीं अधिक खतरा पैदा किया है। फिर भी संयुक्त राष्ट्र अमेरिका में ऐसे लोग हैं जो पहली बार ड्रग्स से जुड़े अपराध के लिए उम्रकैद की सजा काट रहे हैं, जो दुनिया में कहीं और लगभग सुनने को नहीं मिलता।
All people make mistakes. All of us are sinners. All of us are criminals. All of us violate the law at some point in our lives. In fact, if the worst thing you have ever done is speed ten miles over the speed limit on the freeway, you have put yourself and others at more risk of harm than someone smoking marijuana in the privacy of his or her living room. Yet there are people in the United States serving life sentences for first-time drug offenses, something virtually unheard of anywhere else in the world.
All people make mistakes. All of us are sinners. All of us are criminals. All of us violate the law at some point in our lives. In fact, if the worst thing you have ever done is speed ten miles over the speed limit on the freeway, you have put yourself and others at more risk of harm than someone smoking marijuana in the privacy of his or her living room. Yet there are people in the United States serving life sentences for first-time drug offenses, something virtually unheard of anywhere else in the world.
पिछले कुछ दशकों में एक विशाल नई दंड प्रणाली उभरी है—एक ऐसी दंड प्रणाली जिसकी दुनिया के इतिहास में कोई मिसाल नहीं मिलती। यह एक ऐसी प्रणाली है जो लगभग पूरी तरह से नस्ल और वर्ग से संचालित होती है।
A massive new penal system has emerged in the past few decades - a penal system unprecedented in world history. It is a system driven almost entirely by race and class.
A massive new penal system has emerged in the past few decades - a penal system unprecedented in world history. It is a system driven almost entirely by race and class.
पुरानी नस्लवादी भावनाओं को हवा देने के लिए एक नई 'नस्ल-निरपेक्ष' भाषा गढ़ी गई, जिसके साथ एक ऐसा राजनीतिक आंदोलन भी चला जिसने अधिकांश अश्वेतों को दोबारा उनकी औकात में लाने में कामयाबी हासिल की। नस्लीय श्रेष्ठता के पैरोकारों ने पाया कि वे 'हमेशा के लिए अलगाव' की मांग करने के बजाय 'कानून और व्यवस्था' की मांग करके, कानून या स्वीकार्य राजनीतिक चर्चा की नई सीमाओं का उल्लंघन किए बिना एक नई नस्लीय जाति व्यवस्था स्थापित कर सकते हैं।
A new race-neutral language was developed for appealing to old racist sentiments, a language accompanied by a political movement that succeeded in putting the vast majority of backs back in their place. Proponents of racial hierarchy found they could install a new racial caste system without violating the law or the new limits of acceptable political discourse, by demanding 'law and order' rather than 'segregation forever'.
A new race-neutral language was developed for appealing to old racist sentiments, a language accompanied by a political movement that succeeded in putting the vast majority of backs back in their place. Proponents of racial hierarchy found they could install a new racial caste system without violating the law or the new limits of acceptable political discourse, by demanding 'law and order' rather than 'segregation forever'.
विशाल स्तर पर लोगों को कैद करने (मास इनैकार्सरेशन) और जिम क्रो (नस्लीय भेदभाव के कानूनों) के बीच शायद सबसे महत्वपूर्ण समानता यह है कि दोनों ने अमेरिका में नस्ल के अर्थ और महत्व को परिभाषित करने का काम किया है। वास्तव में, किसी भी नस्लीय जाति व्यवस्था का प्राथमिक कार्य अपने दौर में नस्ल के अर्थ को परिभाषित करना होता है। गुलामी ने यह परिभाषित किया कि काला होने का क्या मतलब है (एक गुलाम), और जिम क्रो ने परिभाषित किया कि काला होने का क्या मतलब है (दूसरे दर्जे का नागरिक)। आज भारी संख्या में लोगों को कैद करना अमेरिका में अश्वेत होने के अर्थ को परिभाषित करता है: अश्वेत लोग, विशेषकर अश्वेत पुरुष, अपराधी हैं। काला होने का यही मतलब रह गया है।
Arguably the most important parallel between mass incarceration and Jim Crow is that both have served to define the meaning and significance of race in America. Indeed, a primary function of any racial caste system is to define the meaning of race in its time. Slavery defined what it meant to be black (a slave), and Jim Crow defined what it meant to be black (a second-class citizen). Today mass incarceration defines the meaning of blackness in America: black people, especially black men, are criminals. That is what it means to be black.
Arguably the most important parallel between mass incarceration and Jim Crow is that both have served to define the meaning and significance of race in America. Indeed, a primary function of any racial caste system is to define the meaning of race in its time. Slavery defined what it meant to be black (a slave), and Jim Crow defined what it meant to be black (a second-class citizen). Today mass incarceration defines the meaning of blackness in America: black people, especially black men, are criminals. That is what it means to be black.
एक अपराधी के रूप में आपके अधिकार अलबामा के जिम क्रो के दौर के चरम पर रहने वाले किसी अश्वेत व्यक्ति से मुश्किल से ही ज्यादा हैं, और शायद सम्मान तो उससे भी कम है। हमने अमेरिका में नस्लीय जाति व्यवस्था को खत्म नहीं किया है; हमने बस उसका रूप बदल दिया है।
As a criminal you have scarcely more rights, and arguably less respect, than a black man living in Alabama at the height of Jim Crow. We have not ended racial caste in America; we have merely redesigned it.
As a criminal you have scarcely more rights, and arguably less respect, than a black man living in Alabama at the height of Jim Crow. We have not ended racial caste in America; we have merely redesigned it.
...1970 के दशक के मध्य तक, सबसे सम्मानित अपराध विज्ञानी (क्रिमिनोलॉजिस्ट) यह भविष्यवाणी कर रहे थे कि जेल प्रणाली जल्द ही समाप्त हो जाएगी। कई विशेषज्ञों ने निष्कर्ष निकाला कि जेल से अपराधों में कोई खास कमी नहीं आती। जिन लोगों के पास आर्थिक और सामाजिक अवसर थे, वे सजा की परवाह किए बिना अपराध करने की संभावना से दूर थे, जबकि जो लोग जेल गए, उनके भविष्य में फिर से अपराध करने की संभावना बहुत अधिक थी।
... as recently as the mid-1970s, the most well-respected criminologists were predicting that the prison system would soon fade away. Prison did not deter crime significantly, many experts concluded. Those who had meaningful economic and social opportunities were unlikely to commit crimes regardless of the penalty, while those who went to prison were far more likely to commit crimes again in the future.
... as recently as the mid-1970s, the most well-respected criminologists were predicting that the prison system would soon fade away. Prison did not deter crime significantly, many experts concluded. Those who had meaningful economic and social opportunities were unlikely to commit crimes regardless of the penalty, while those who went to prison were far more likely to commit crimes again in the future.
घेटो बस्तियों के अश्वेत पुरुषों (और मध्यमवर्गीय बस्तियों में रहने वाले कई लोगों को) को बहुत कम उम्र में ही पुलिस निशाना बना लेती है, अक्सर तब जब वे वोट देने की उम्र के भी नहीं होते। बिना किसी उचित संदेह या पुख्ता वजह के उन्हें रोजाना रोका जाता है, उनकी तलाशी ली जाती है और उनकी जाँच की जाती है।
Black men in ghetto communities (and many who live in middle class communities) are targeted by the police at early ages, often before they're old enough to vote. They're routinely stopped, frisked, and searched without reasonable suspicion or probable cause.
Black men in ghetto communities (and many who live in middle class communities) are targeted by the police at early ages, often before they're old enough to vote. They're routinely stopped, frisked, and searched without reasonable suspicion or probable cause.
ड्रग्स के खिलाफ युद्ध छेड़कर और बस्तियों में विशेष रूप से "सख्त रुख अपनाकर", हमने बेहद कम समय में एक विशाल नए नस्लीय निम्न-वर्ग (अंडरकास्ट) का सृजन करने में सफलता हासिल कर ली है।
By waging the drug war and "getting tough" almost exclusively in the 'hood, we've managed to create a vast new racial undercaste in an astonishingly short period of time.
By waging the drug war and "getting tough" almost exclusively in the 'hood, we've managed to create a vast new racial undercaste in an astonishingly short period of time.
निश्चित रूप से रंगीन चमड़ी के युवा, विशेषकर घेटो बस्तियों के युवा, पिंजरे में ही पैदा होते हैं। वे एक ऐसी बस्ती में जन्म लेते हैं जहाँ उनके जीवन के नियम, कानून, नीतियां और संरचनाएं इस बात की लगभग पूरी गारंटी देती हैं कि वे जीवनभर फंसे रहेंगे। इसकी शुरुआत बहुत कम उम्र में ही हो जाती है जब उनके माता-पिता खुद या तो सलाखों के पीछे होते हैं या फिर स्थायी रूप से दूसरे दर्जे की जिंदगी जीने को मजबूर होते हैं और उन्हें वे अवसर नहीं दिला पाते जो वे अन्यथा दिला सकते थे।
Certainly youth of color, particularly those in ghetto communities, find themselves born into the cage. They are born into a community in which the rules, laws, policies, structures of their lives virtually guarantee that they will remain trapped for life. It begins at a very early age when their parents themselves are either behind bars or locked in a permanent second-class status and cannot afford them the opportunities they otherwise could.
Certainly youth of color, particularly those in ghetto communities, find themselves born into the cage. They are born into a community in which the rules, laws, policies, structures of their lives virtually guarantee that they will remain trapped for life. It begins at a very early age when their parents themselves are either behind bars or locked in a permanent second-class status and cannot afford them the opportunities they otherwise could.
यथास्थिति के पैरोकार अक्सर यह कहकर जनता को गुमराह करने की कोशिश करते हैं, "जरा हमारी राज्य की जेलों को देखिए: लगभग आधे कैदी हिंसक अपराधी हैं। यह व्यवस्था जनता को हिंसक अपराधों से बचाने के लिए है।" इस तरह का बयान बेहद भ्रामक होता है।
Defenders of the status quo will often try to mislead the public by saying, "Just look at our state prisons: nearly half of the inmates are violent offenders. This system is about protecting the public from violent crime." This type of statement is highly misleading.
Defenders of the status quo will often try to mislead the public by saying, "Just look at our state prisons: nearly half of the inmates are violent offenders. This system is about protecting the public from violent crime." This type of statement is highly misleading.
व्यवस्था के पैरोकार यह कहकर जवाब देंगे कि ड्रग्स के खिलाफ यह युद्ध हिंसक अपराधों को रोकने के लिए चलाया गया है। लेकिन ऐसा बिल्कुल नहीं है। ड्रग्स के युद्ध में गिरफ्तार किए गए भारी-भरकम बहुमत के लोग अपेक्षाकृत छोटे-छोटे, गैर-हिंसक ड्रग अपराधों के लिए गिरफ्तार किए गए हैं।
Defenders of the system will counter by saying this drug war has been aimed at violent crime. But that is not the case. The overwhelming majority of people arrested in the drug war have been arrested for relatively minor, non-violent drug offenses.
Defenders of the system will counter by saying this drug war has been aimed at violent crime. But that is not the case. The overwhelming majority of people arrested in the drug war have been arrested for relatively minor, non-violent drug offenses.
सरकारी सहायता प्राप्त करने में भेदभाव करना भी पूरी तरह से कानूनी है। संघीय कानून के तहत, ड्रग्स के जुर्म में सजा पाए लोगों को राशन कार्ड (फूड स्टैम्प) के लिए भी अयोग्य मान लिया जाता है।
Discrimination in public benefits is also perfectly legal. Under federal law, people convicted of drug felonies are deemed ineligible even for food stamps.
Discrimination in public benefits is also perfectly legal. Under federal law, people convicted of drug felonies are deemed ineligible even for food stamps.
शराब पीकर गाड़ी चलाने से हिंसक मौत का खतरा अवैध ड्रग्स के इस्तेमाल या बिक्री की तुलना में कहीं अधिक होता है, इसके बावजूद शराबी ड्राइवरों के प्रति समाज का रवैया आम तौर पर इस बात पर जोर देता है कि उस व्यक्ति को कामकाज के काबिल बनाए रखा जाए और समाज का हिस्सा रखा जाए, जबकि उसके खतरनाक व्यवहार से इलाज और काउंसलिंग के जरिए निपटने की कोशिश की जाती है।
Drunk driving contains a far greater risk of violent death than the use or sale of illegal drugs, the societal response to drunk drivers has generally emphasized keeping the person functional and in society, while attempting to respond to the dangerous behavior through treatment and counseling.
Drunk driving contains a far greater risk of violent death than the use or sale of illegal drugs, the societal response to drunk drivers has generally emphasized keeping the person functional and in society, while attempting to respond to the dangerous behavior through treatment and counseling.
आखिरकार [अश्वेत पुरुषों] को गिरफ्तार कर लिया जाता है, चाहे उन्होंने कोई गंभीर अपराध किया हो या नहीं, और उन्हें जीवनभर के लिए अपराधी या मुजरिम का ठप्पा लगा दिया जाता है। रिहा होने के बाद, उन्हें एक ऐसी समानांतर सामाजिक दुनिया में धकेल दिया जाता है जहाँ नागरिक अधिकार आंदोलन के दौरान कथित तौर पर जीते गए नागरिक और मानवीय अधिकार उन पर लागू नहीं होते।
Eventually [black men] are arrested, whether they've committed any serious crime or not, and branded criminals or felons for life. Upon release, they're ushered into a parallel social universe in which the civil and human rights supposedly won during the Civil Rights Movement no longer apply to them.
Eventually [black men] are arrested, whether they've committed any serious crime or not, and branded criminals or felons for life. Upon release, they're ushered into a parallel social universe in which the civil and human rights supposedly won during the Civil Rights Movement no longer apply to them.
विशेष रूप से अफ्रीकी-अमेरिकी बच्चों के लिए, इस बात की अत्यधिक संभावना होती है कि उनके परिवार का कोई सदस्य, कोई प्रियजन या कोई रिश्तेदार ऐसा होगा जो या तो सलाखों के पीछे समय बिता चुका है या जिस पर आपराधिक रिकॉर्ड दर्ज है और इस तरह वह उस निम्न-वर्ग (अंडरकास्ट) का हिस्सा बन चुका है—यानी लोगों का वह समूह जिसके साथ जीवनभर कानूनी रूप से भेदभाव किया जा सकता है। कई अफ्रीकी-अमेरिकी बच्चों के पिता, और तेजी से अब उनकी माताएं भी, सलाखों के पीछे हैं। उनके लिए मिलना-जुलना बहुत मुश्किल होता है। कई लोगों को उनके घर से सैकड़ों या हजारों मील दूर कैद रखा जाता है।
For African American children, in particular, the odds are extremely high that they will have a parent or loved one, a relative, who has either spent time behind bars or who has acquired a criminal record and thus is part of the under-caste - the group of people who can be legally discriminated against for the rest of their lives. For many African American children, their fathers, and increasingly their mothers, are behind bars. It is very difficult for them to visit. Many people are held hundreds or even thousands of miles away from home.
For African American children, in particular, the odds are extremely high that they will have a parent or loved one, a relative, who has either spent time behind bars or who has acquired a criminal record and thus is part of the under-caste - the group of people who can be legally discriminated against for the rest of their lives. For many African American children, their fathers, and increasingly their mothers, are behind bars. It is very difficult for them to visit. Many people are held hundreds or even thousands of miles away from home.
बच्चों के लिए, बड़े पैमाने पर लोगों को कैद किए जाने के इस दौर का मतलब है—परिवारों का बड़े पैमाने पर बिछड़ना, टूटे हुए घर, गरीबी, और उम्मीदों का पूरी तरह से खत्म हो जाना क्योंकि वे अपने इतने सारे प्रियजनों को बार-बार जेल के चक्कर काटते देखते हैं। जिन बच्चों के माता-पिता जेल में हैं, उनके खुद भी जेल जाने की संभावना बहुत अधिक होती है।
For children, the era of mass incarceration has meant a tremendous amount of family separation, broken homes, poverty, and a far, far greater level of hopelessness as they see so many of their loved ones cycling in and out of prison. Children who have incarcerated parents are far more likely themselves to be incarcerated.
For children, the era of mass incarceration has meant a tremendous amount of family separation, broken homes, poverty, and a far, far greater level of hopelessness as they see so many of their loved ones cycling in and out of prison. Children who have incarcerated parents are far more likely themselves to be incarcerated.
बहुत से लोगों के लिए, उनका जेल जाना इस बात पर कम निर्भर करता है कि वे क्या चुनाव करते हैं और इस बात पर ज्यादा निर्भर करता है कि वे किस तरह के पिंजरे में पैदा हुए हैं।
For many, whether they go to prison or not is far less about the choices they make and far more about what kind of cage they're born into.
For many, whether they go to prison or not is far less about the choices they make and far more about what kind of cage they're born into.
अपराध या अपराध दरों से दूर-दूर तक कोई लेना-देना न होने वाले कारणों के चलते, एक राष्ट्र के रूप में हमने बीस लाख से अधिक लोगों को सलाखों के पीछे कैद करने का फैसला किया है।
For reasons that have stunningly little to do with crime or crime rates, we, as a nation, have chosen to lock up more than two million people behind bars. Millions more are on probation or parole, or branded felons for life and thus locked into a permanent second-class status.
For reasons that have stunningly little to do with crime or crime rates, we, as a nation, have chosen to lock up more than two million people behind bars. Millions more are on probation or parole, or branded felons for life and thus locked into a permanent second-class status.
उनके शेष जीवन के लिए, [अश्वेत पुरुषों] को मतदान के अधिकार से वंचित किया जा सकता है, जूरी से स्वचालित रूप से बाहर रखा जा सकता है, और रोजगार, आवास, शिक्षा तक पहुंच और सार्वजनिक लाभों में कानूनी रूप से भेदभाव किया जा सकता है।
For the rest of their lives, [black men] can be denied the right to vote, automatically excluded from juries, and legally discriminated against in employment, housing, access to education and public benefits. So many of the old forms of discrimination that we supposedly left behind during the Jim Crow era are suddenly legal again once you've been branded a felon.
For the rest of their lives, [black men] can be denied the right to vote, automatically excluded from juries, and legally discriminated against in employment, housing, access to education and public benefits. So many of the old forms of discrimination that we supposedly left behind during the Jim Crow era are suddenly legal again once you've been branded a felon.
अपने शेष जीवन के लिए आपको रोजगार आवेदनों पर उस ड डरावने सवाल वाले बॉक्स पर टिक करना होगा: "क्या आपको कभी किसी अपराध के लिए दोषी ठहराया गया है?" और एक बार जब आप उस बॉक्स पर टिक कर देते हैं, तो इस बात की पूरी संभावना है कि आपका आवेदन सीधे कचरे में चला जाएगा।
For the rest of your life you must check the box on employment applications asking the dreaded question: "Have you ever been convicted of a felony?" And once you check that box, the odds are sky high that your application is going straight to the trash. Hundreds of professional licenses are off-limits to people convicted of felonies.
For the rest of your life you must check the box on employment applications asking the dreaded question: "Have you ever been convicted of a felony?" And once you check that box, the odds are sky high that your application is going straight to the trash. Hundreds of professional licenses are off-limits to people convicted of felonies.
जो लोग उन निगमों और निजी व्यक्तियों के बारे में अधिक जानने में रुचि रखते हैं जो मानव प्राणियों को पिंजरे में बंद करने से लाभ कमा रहे हैं, मैं अत्यधिक "प्रिजन प्रोफिटर्स: हू मेक्स मनी फ्रॉम मास इनकारसेरेशन" पुस्तक की सलाह देता हूं।
For those interested in learning more about corporations and private individuals profiting from the caging of human beings, I highly recommend the book "Prison Profiteers: Who Makes Money From Mass Incarceration."
For those interested in learning more about corporations and private individuals profiting from the caging of human beings, I highly recommend the book "Prison Profiteers: Who Makes Money From Mass Incarceration."
जो लोग यह कहते हैं कि ड्रग्स के खिलाफ युद्ध और भारी मात्रा में लोगों को कैद करने की प्रणाली वास्तव में नस्ल के बारे में नहीं है, मैं कहता हूं कि इस बात की कोई गुंजाइश नहीं है कि हम अधिकांश युवा गोरे पुरुषों को मामूली ड्रग अपराधों के लिए आपराधिक न्याय प्रणाली में घसीटने की अनुमति दें।
For those who say that the war on drugs and the system of mass incarceration really isn't about race, I say there is no way we would allow the majority of young white men to be swept into the criminal justice system for minor drug offenses, branded criminals and felons, and then stripped of their basis civil and human rights while young black men who are engaged in the same activity trot off to college. That would never be accepted as the norm.
For those who say that the war on drugs and the system of mass incarceration really isn't about race, I say there is no way we would allow the majority of young white men to be swept into the criminal justice system for minor drug offenses, branded criminals and felons, and then stripped of their basis civil and human rights while young black men who are engaged in the same activity trot off to college. That would never be accepted as the norm.
मेरा वास्तव में मानना है कि अमेरिका में नस्लीय जाति व्यवस्था जैसी कोई चीज़ जीवित और फली-फूल रही है।
I do believe that something akin to a racial caste system is alive and well in America.
I do believe that something akin to a racial caste system is alive and well in America.
यदि नशीली दवाओं का यह युद्ध उन समुदायों में लड़ा जाता तो इससे ऐसा आक्रोश भड़क उठता कि यह युद्ध रातों-रात समाप्त हो जाता।
If the drug war was waged in those communities it would spark such outrage that the war would end overnight. This literal war is waged in segregated, impoverished communities defined largely by race, and the targets are the most vulnerable, least powerful people in our society.
If the drug war was waged in those communities it would spark such outrage that the war would end overnight. This literal war is waged in segregated, impoverished communities defined largely by race, and the targets are the most vulnerable, least powerful people in our society.
यदि हम नस्लीय प्रगति के बारे में लोकप्रिय मिथकों को खुद से दोहराना जारी रखते हैं या, इससे भी बदतर, यदि हम खुद से कहते हैं कि बड़े पैमाने पर लोगों को कैद करने की समस्या हमारे लिए कुछ करने के लिए बहुत बड़ी, बहुत कठिन है।
If we continue to tell ourselves the popular myths about racial progress or, worse yet, if we say to ourselves that the problem of mass incarceration is just too big, too daunting for us to do anything about and that we should instead direct our energies to battles that might be more easily won, history will judge us harshly. A human rights nightmare is occurring on our watch.
If we continue to tell ourselves the popular myths about racial progress or, worse yet, if we say to ourselves that the problem of mass incarceration is just too big, too daunting for us to do anything about and that we should instead direct our energies to battles that might be more easily won, history will judge us harshly. A human rights nightmare is occurring on our watch.
यदि हम केवल बड़े पैमाने पर कैद को समाप्त करने से अधिक कुछ करना चाहते हैं - यदि हम अमेरिका में नस्लीय जाति के इतिहास को समाप्त करना चाहते हैं - तो हमें अपनी नस्लीय रिश्वत को छोड़ना होगा, हर रंग के लोगों के साथ हाथ मिलाना होगा जो बदलाव के नीचे तक पहुंचने का इंतजार करने से संतुष्ट नहीं हैं।
If we want to do more than just end mass incarceration—if we want to put an end to the history of racial caste in America—we must lay down our racial bribes, join hands with people of all colors who are not content to wait for change to trickle down, and say to those who would stand in our way: Accept all of us or none.
If we want to do more than just end mass incarceration—if we want to put an end to the history of racial caste in America—we must lay down our racial bribes, join hands with people of all colors who are not content to wait for change to trickle down, and say to those who would stand in our way: Accept all of us or none.
यदि आप अच्छे स्कूलों की मांग करते हैं, तो आपको उनके मिलने की संभावना नहीं है।
If you ask for good schools, you aren't likely to get them. If you ask for jobs or economic investment, you won't get that either. But what we have learned, is that the one thing that poor folks of color can ask for and get are Police & Prisons.
If you ask for good schools, you aren't likely to get them. If you ask for jobs or economic investment, you won't get that either. But what we have learned, is that the one thing that poor folks of color can ask for and get are Police & Prisons.
मुझे उम्मीद है कि हम वैकल्पिक दलों के निर्माण की आवश्यकता को भी गंभीरता से लेंगे, और आंदोलनों के आंदोलनों को व्यवस्थित करने, सुरक्षित स्थान और अभ्यारण्य बनाने, संवाद में आने, यह पता लगाने के अपने समुदायों में वह काम करेंगे।
I hope that we will also take seriously the necessity of building alternative parties, and do that work in our communities of organizing movements of movements, creating safe spaces and sanctuary, coming into dialogue, figuring out what a common platform might be for all of us, and building on the work that is happening elsewhere around the community. Even as we resist Donald Trump, doing so with an eye toward building a truly transformational, even revolutionary movement that can become a meaningful alternative to the Democratic and Republican parties.
I hope that we will also take seriously the necessity of building alternative parties, and do that work in our communities of organizing movements of movements, creating safe spaces and sanctuary, coming into dialogue, figuring out what a common platform might be for all of us, and building on the work that is happening elsewhere around the community. Even as we resist Donald Trump, doing so with an eye toward building a truly transformational, even revolutionary movement that can become a meaningful alternative to the Democratic and Republican parties.
बढ़ती संख्या में राज्यों में, वास्तव में आपसे आपकी कैद की लागत चुकाने की उम्मीद की जाती है।
In a growing number of states, you're actually expected to pay back the costs of your imprisonment. Paying back all these fees, fines, and costs may be a condition of your probation or parole. To make matters worse, if you're one of the lucky few who actually manages to get a job following release from prison, up to 100% of your wages can be garnished to pay back all those fees, fines and court costs. One hundred percent.
In a growing number of states, you're actually expected to pay back the costs of your imprisonment. Paying back all these fees, fines, and costs may be a condition of your probation or parole. To make matters worse, if you're one of the lucky few who actually manages to get a job following release from prison, up to 100% of your wages can be garnished to pay back all those fees, fines and court costs. One hundred percent.
कैद की दरें - विशेष रूप से अश्वेतों की कैद की दरें - इस बात की परवाह किए बिना आसमान छू रही हैं कि किसी दिए गए समुदाय या देश भर में अपराध बढ़ रहा है या घट रहा है।
Incarceration rates - especially black incarceration rates - have soared regardless of whether crime has been going up or down in any given community or the nation as a whole.
Incarceration rates - especially black incarceration rates - have soared regardless of whether crime has been going up or down in any given community or the nation as a whole.
वास्तव में, कुछ देशों में जेलों में मतदान अभियान चलाए जाते हैं!
In fact, in some countries there are actually voting drives conducted in prison! But here in the U.S., we seem to take the idea of democracy a bit less seriously and people are denied the right to vote not only when they are in prison, but also upon release in many states.
In fact, in some countries there are actually voting drives conducted in prison! But here in the U.S., we seem to take the idea of democracy a bit less seriously and people are denied the right to vote not only when they are in prison, but also upon release in many states.
कई बड़े शहरी क्षेत्रों में, कामकाजी उम्र के अधिकांश अफ्रीकी अमेरिकी पुरुषों के पास अब आपराधिक रिकॉर्ड हैं और इस तरह वे अपने शेष जीवन के लिए कानूनी भेदभाव के अधीन हैं।
In many large urban areas, the majority of working age African American men now have criminal records and are thus subject to legalized discrimination for the rest of their lives. It is viewed as "normal" in ghetto communities to go to prison or jail.
In many large urban areas, the majority of working age African American men now have criminal records and are thus subject to legalized discrimination for the rest of their lives. It is viewed as "normal" in ghetto communities to go to prison or jail.
मेरे विचार में, बड़े पैमाने पर कैद के इस युग में महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न हैं: किस बात से हमें परेशानी होती है?
In my view, the critical questions in this era of mass incarceration are: What disturbs us? What seems contrary to expectation? Who do we really care about?
In my view, the critical questions in this era of mass incarceration are: What disturbs us? What seems contrary to expectation? Who do we really care about?
शराब पीकर गाड़ी चलाने वाले लोगों की माताओं जैसे समूहों की वकालत के जवाब में, अधिकांश राज्यों ने शराब पीकर गाड़ी चलाने की सजा देने के लिए कड़े कानून अपनाए।
In response to the advocacy of groups like Mothers Against Drunk Driving, most states adopted tougher laws to punish drunk driving. Numerous states now have some type of mandatory sentencing for this offense - typically two days in jail for a first offense and two to ten days for a second offense. Possession of a tiny amount of crack cocaine, on the other hand, was given a mandatory minimum sentence of five years in prison.
In response to the advocacy of groups like Mothers Against Drunk Driving, most states adopted tougher laws to punish drunk driving. Numerous states now have some type of mandatory sentencing for this offense - typically two days in jail for a first offense and two to ten days for a second offense. Possession of a tiny amount of crack cocaine, on the other hand, was given a mandatory minimum sentence of five years in prison.
90 के दशक में - ड्रग युद्ध के सबसे बड़े बढ़ने की अवधि - ड्रग की गिरफ्तारी में लगभग 80 प्रतिशत वृद्धि मारिजुआना के कब्जे के लिए थी, जो अल्कोहल या तTobacco की तुलना में कम हानिकारक दवा है।
In the 1990s - the period of the greatest escalation of the drug war - nearly 80 percent of the increase in drug arrests was for marijuana possession, a drug less harmful than alcohol or tobacco and at least, if not more, prevalent in middle class white neighborhoods and college campuses as it is in the 'hood.
In the 1990s - the period of the greatest escalation of the drug war - nearly 80 percent of the increase in drug arrests was for marijuana possession, a drug less harmful than alcohol or tobacco and at least, if not more, prevalent in middle class white neighborhoods and college campuses as it is in the 'hood.
ड्रग्स के खिलाफ युद्ध में, एडवर्ड बायरन मेमोरियल ग्रांट प्रोग्राम जैसे कार्यक्रमों के माध्यम से संघीय सरकार द्वारा राज्य और राज्य कानून प्रवर्तन एजेंसियों को ड्रग अपराधों के लिए गिरफ्तार किए गए लोगों की भारी संख्या के लिए नकद में पुरस्कृत किया गया है।
In the war on drugs, state and state law enforcement agencies have been rewarded in cash by the federal government - through programs like the Edward Byrne Memorial Grant program - for the sheer numbers of people arrested for drug offenses.
In the war on drugs, state and state law enforcement agencies have been rewarded in cash by the federal government - through programs like the Edward Byrne Memorial Grant program - for the sheer numbers of people arrested for drug offenses.
मेरा कहना है कि हमने अमेरिका में नस्लीय जाति का अंत नहीं किया है; हमने इसे केवल नया रूप दिया है।
I say we haven't ended racial caste in America; we have merely redesigned it.
I say we haven't ended racial caste in America; we have merely redesigned it.
मुझे लगता है कि सबसे पहले हमें सच बोलकर शुरुआत करनी चाहिए, जो मुझे लगता है कि वास्तव में एक बड़ा रोड़ा रहा है।
I think first we have to begin by telling the truth, which I think has actually been a big stumbling block. We can look at Donald Trump and see how he lies, but I think we also have to look at some of the lies we've told ourselves and the lies we've accepted and internalized ourselves.
I think first we have to begin by telling the truth, which I think has actually been a big stumbling block. We can look at Donald Trump and see how he lies, but I think we also have to look at some of the lies we've told ourselves and the lies we've accepted and internalized ourselves.
मुझे लगता है कि लोगों के लिए यह समझना बेहद महत्वपूर्ण है कि बड़े पैमाने पर कैद की यह प्रणाली न केवल उन लोगों को नियंत्रित करती है जो किसी भी दिन खुद को जेल में पाते हैं, बल्कि उन सभी लोगों को भी नियंत्रित करती है जो जेल में हैं, प्रोबेशन या पैरोल पर हैं।
I think it's critically important for people to understand that this system of mass incarceration governs not just those who find themselves in prison on any given day, but also all those who are in jail, on probation or parole, as well as all those who are just months away from being locked up again because they are unable to find work or housing due to their criminal record.
I think it's critically important for people to understand that this system of mass incarceration governs not just those who find themselves in prison on any given day, but also all those who are in jail, on probation or parole, as well as all those who are just months away from being locked up again because they are unable to find work or housing due to their criminal record.
मुझे लगता है कि यह बेहद महत्वपूर्ण है कि जिन लोगों को बड़े पैमाने पर कैद, बड़े पैमाने पर निर्वासन, नवउदारवाद, हर चीज से सबसे अधिक नुकसान हुआ है, उन्हें न केवल इन प्लेटफार्मों को तैयार करने में आवाज मिले, बल्कि वे उभरें और इन आंदोलनों में वास्तविक नेताओं के रूप में समर्थित हों।
I think it's critically important that the people who have been most harmed by mass incarceration, by mass deportation, by neoliberalism, by all of it, not only have a voice in crafting these platforms but emerge and are supported as real leaders in these movements.
I think it's critically important that the people who have been most harmed by mass incarceration, by mass deportation, by neoliberalism, by all of it, not only have a voice in crafting these platforms but emerge and are supported as real leaders in these movements.
मुझे लगता है कि युवाओं को अपनी कहानियां बताने और आपराधिक न्याय प्रणाली के साथ अपने अनुभवों और अपने परिवार के अनुभवों के बारे में खुलकर बोलने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करना महत्वपूर्ण है।
I think it's important to encourage young people to tell their own stories and to speak openly about their own experiences with the criminal justice system and the experiences of their family. We need to ensure that the classroom environment is a supportive one so that the shame and stigma can be dispelled.
I think it's important to encourage young people to tell their own stories and to speak openly about their own experiences with the criminal justice system and the experiences of their family. We need to ensure that the classroom environment is a supportive one so that the shame and stigma can be dispelled.
मुझे लगता है कि हमें इस बारे में बात करना शुरू करने की जरूरत है कि हमारे समुदायों में इन सुरक्षित स्थानों को बनाने का क्या मतलब है, जब वे जेल से घर लौट रहे हों तो एक-दूसरे का अपने घरों और समुदायों में स्वागत करना शुरू करें।
I think that we need to begin talking about what does it mean to create these safe spaces in our communities, to begin welcoming one another into our homes and into our communities when they're returning home from prison, people who are on the streets. We need to begin doing the work in our own communities of creating the kind of democracy that we would like to see on a larger scale.
I think that we need to begin talking about what does it mean to create these safe spaces in our communities, to begin welcoming one another into our homes and into our communities when they're returning home from prison, people who are on the streets. We need to begin doing the work in our own communities of creating the kind of democracy that we would like to see on a larger scale.
मुझे लगता है कि यह पौराणिक कथा - कि हम सभी नस्ल से परे हैं, निश्चित रूप से हमारे पुलिस अधिकारी नस्लवादी नहीं हैं, निश्चित रूप से हमारे राजनेताओं का रंग के लोगों को कोई नुकसान पहुंचाने का इरादा नहीं है - यह विचार कि हम इन सबसे परे हैं (इसलिए यह कुछ और होना चाहिए) युवाओं के साथ-साथ वयस्कों के लिए भी जो चल रहा है उसकी सच्चाई को स्पष्ट और ईमानदारी से देखना मुश्किल बना देता है।
I think this mythology - that we're all beyond race, of course our police officers aren't racist, of course our politicians don't mean any harm to people of color - this idea that we're beyond all that (so it must be something else) makes it difficult for young people as well as the grown-ups to be able to see clearly and honestly the truth of what's going on. It makes it difficult to see that the backlash against the Civil Rights Movement manifested itself in the form of mass incarceration, in the form of defunding and devaluing schools serving kids of color and all the rest.
I think this mythology - that we're all beyond race, of course our police officers aren't racist, of course our politicians don't mean any harm to people of color - this idea that we're beyond all that (so it must be something else) makes it difficult for young people as well as the grown-ups to be able to see clearly and honestly the truth of what's going on. It makes it difficult to see that the backlash against the Civil Rights Movement manifested itself in the form of mass incarceration, in the form of defunding and devaluing schools serving kids of color and all the rest.
छात्रों को व्यवस्था की वास्तविकता के बारे में पढ़ाना महत्वपूर्ण है, कि वास्तव में ऐसा मामला है कि उन्हें अनुचित तरीके से लक्षित किया जा रहा है, कि नियमों को इस तरह से स्थापित किया गया है जो उनके अनुचित उपचार को अधिकृत करता है, और इन कानूनों को अदालतों में चुनौती देना कितना कठिन है।
It's important to teach students about the reality of the system, that it is in fact the case that they are being targeted unfairly, that the rules have been set up in a way that authorize unfair treatment of them, and how difficult it is to challenge these laws in the courts. We need to teach them how our politics have changed in recent years, how there has been, in fact, a backlash. But we need to couple that information with stories of how people in the past have challenged these kinds of injustices, and the role that youth have played historically in those struggles.
It's important to teach students about the reality of the system, that it is in fact the case that they are being targeted unfairly, that the rules have been set up in a way that authorize unfair treatment of them, and how difficult it is to challenge these laws in the courts. We need to teach them how our politics have changed in recent years, how there has been, in fact, a backlash. But we need to couple that information with stories of how people in the past have challenged these kinds of injustices, and the role that youth have played historically in those struggles.
मैं इस बात से प्रेरित था कि छात्रों ने कुछ स्कूलों में धन की कमी आदि का विरोध करते हुए वॉकआउट आयोजित करके क्या किया है।
I was inspired by what students have done in some schools organizing walkouts protesting the lack of funding and that sort of thing. There are opportunities for students to engage in those types of protests - taking to the streets - but there is also writing poetry, writing music, beginning to express themselves, holding forums, educating each other, the whole range.
I was inspired by what students have done in some schools organizing walkouts protesting the lack of funding and that sort of thing. There are opportunities for students to engage in those types of protests - taking to the streets - but there is also writing poetry, writing music, beginning to express themselves, holding forums, educating each other, the whole range.
केवल इस बारे में जानकारी प्रदान करना कि चीजें कितनी खराब हैं, या अपने आप में कैद के आंकड़े और डेटा, अधिक अवसाद और त्याग की ओर ले जाते हैं और सशक्त नहीं बनाते हैं।
Just providing information about how bad things are, or the statistics and data on incarceration by themselves, does lead to more depression and resignation and is not empowering. The information has to be presented in a way that's linked to the piece about encouraging students to think critically and creatively about how they might respond to injustice, and how young people have responded to injustice in the past.
Just providing information about how bad things are, or the statistics and data on incarceration by themselves, does lead to more depression and resignation and is not empowering. The information has to be presented in a way that's linked to the piece about encouraging students to think critically and creatively about how they might respond to injustice, and how young people have responded to injustice in the past.
बच्चे ऐसे समुदायों में बड़े हो रहे हैं जिनमें वे अपने प्रियजनों को जेल के अंदर और बाहर जाते देखते हैं और जिसमें उन्हें अनगिनत तरीकों से यह संदेश भेजा जाता है कि वे भी किसी न किसी तरह जेल जाने वाले हैं। हम ऐसे संदर्भ में स्वस्थ, कार्यशील स्कूलों का निर्माण नहीं कर सकते हैं जहाँ कोई धन उपलब्ध नहीं है क्योंकि यह जेलों और पुलिस बलों के निर्माण में जा रहा है।
Kids are growing up in communities in which they see their loved ones cycling in and out of prison and in which they are sent the message in countless ways that they, too, are going to prison one way or another. We cannot build healthy, functioning schools within a context where there is no funding available because it's going to building prisons and police forces.
Kids are growing up in communities in which they see their loved ones cycling in and out of prison and in which they are sent the message in countless ways that they, too, are going to prison one way or another. We cannot build healthy, functioning schools within a context where there is no funding available because it's going to building prisons and police forces.
जिम क्रो (और दास प्रथा) की तरह, सामूहिक कारावास कानूनों, नीतियों, रीति-रिवाजों और संस्थाओं का एक ऐसा कसकर बुना हुआ जाल है जो मिलकर यह सुनिश्चित करता है कि मुख्य रूप से नस्ल के आधार पर तय किए गए एक समूह की स्थिति हमेशा दोयम दर्जे की बनी रहे।
Like Jim Crow (and slavery), mass incarceration operates as a tightly networked system of laws, policies, customs, and institutions that operate collectively to ensure the subordinate status of a group defined largely by race.
Like Jim Crow (and slavery), mass incarceration operates as a tightly networked system of laws, policies, customs, and institutions that operate collectively to ensure the subordinate status of a group defined largely by race.
अनिवार्य न्यूनतम सजाएं न्यायाधीशों को इस बात की कोई छूट नहीं देतीं कि दोष सिद्ध होने पर उस व्यक्ति को कितनी सजा दी जानी चाहिए। नशीली दवाओं से जुड़े अपराधों के लिए कड़े अनिवार्य न्यूनतम कानून 1980 के दशक में कांग्रेस द्वारा 'ड्रग्स के खिलाफ युद्ध' और "सख्त रुख अपनाओ" आंदोलन के तहत पारित किए गए थे—ऐसी सजाएं जिन्होंने हमारे देश में जेलों की संख्या में भारी बढ़ोतरी को बढ़ावा दिया है और नस्लीय भेदभाव को भी काफी हद तक बदतर बना दिया है, खासकर क्रैक कोकीन के मामलों में अनिवार्य न्यूनतम सजा लागू करने के मामले में।
Mandatory minimum sentences give no discretion to judges about the amount of time that the person should receive once a guilty verdict is rendered. Harsh mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses were passed by Congress in the 1980s as part of the war on drugs and the "get tough" movement, sentences that have helped to fuel our nation's prison boom and have also greatly aggravated racial disparities, particularly in the application of mandatory minimum sentences for crack cocaine.
Mandatory minimum sentences give no discretion to judges about the amount of time that the person should receive once a guilty verdict is rendered. Harsh mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses were passed by Congress in the 1980s as part of the war on drugs and the "get tough" movement, sentences that have helped to fuel our nation's prison boom and have also greatly aggravated racial disparities, particularly in the application of mandatory minimum sentences for crack cocaine.
कई अपराधियों को कम उम्र से ही जेल की राह पर धकेल दिया जाता है, किशोरावस्था में ही उन्हें अपराधी का ठप्पा दे दिया जाता है, और फिर उन्हें उनके जर्जर, कम फंड वाले अंदरूनी शहर के स्कूलों से उठाकर बिल्कुल नए, हाई-टेक जेलों में ठूंस दिया जाता है।
Many offenders are tracked for prison at early ages, labeled as criminals in their teen years, and then shuttled from their decrepit, underfunded inner city schools to brand-new, high-tech prisons.
Many offenders are tracked for prison at early ages, labeled as criminals in their teen years, and then shuttled from their decrepit, underfunded inner city schools to brand-new, high-tech prisons.
बहुत से लोग यह नहीं समझते कि ड्रग्स के खिलाफ युद्ध की प्रणाली में ऐसे वित्तीय प्रोत्साहन शामिल कर दिए गए हैं जो यह सुनिश्चित करते हैं कि कानून प्रवर्तन एजेंसियां भारी संख्या में लोगों को गिरफ्तार करती रहें—विशेषकर गरीब रंगीन समुदायों में—उन छोटे-मोटे ड्रग अपराधों के लिए जिन्हें शहर के दूसरे हिस्से में पूरी तरह नजरअंदाज कर दिया जाता है।
Many people don't realize that financial incentives have been built into the drug war that guarantee that law enforcement will continue to arrest extraordinary numbers of people, particularly in poor communities of color, for minor drug offenses that get ignored on the other side of town.
Many people don't realize that financial incentives have been built into the drug war that guarantee that law enforcement will continue to arrest extraordinary numbers of people, particularly in poor communities of color, for minor drug offenses that get ignored on the other side of town.
संयुक्त राष्ट्र अमेरिका में बड़े पैमाने पर लोगों को जेल भेजना एक आम बात बन गई है। रंगभेद के शिकार गरीब लोगों को जर्जर और बदहाल स्कूलों से निकालकर ब्रांड-न्य़ू, हाई-टेक जेलों में धकेला जा रहा है और फिर उन्हें एक स्थायी निचले तबके के रूप में जीने के लिए मजबूर किया जा रहा है—उन्हें ऐसा कलंकित कर दिया जाता है मानो वे किसी भी नैतिक सहानुभूति या परवाह के लायक ही न हों।
Mass incarceration has become normalized in the United States. Poor folks of color are shuttled from decrepit, underfunded schools to brand new, high tech prisons and then relegated to a permanent undercaste - stigmatized as undeserving of any moral care or concern.
Mass incarceration has become normalized in the United States. Poor folks of color are shuttled from decrepit, underfunded schools to brand new, high tech prisons and then relegated to a permanent undercaste - stigmatized as undeserving of any moral care or concern.
बड़े पैमाने पर लोगों को जेलों में ठूंसना हमारे समय का सबसे अहम नस्लीय न्याय का मुद्दा है।
Mass incarceration is the most pressing racial justice issue of our time.
Mass incarceration is the most pressing racial justice issue of our time.
मध्यवर्गीय गोरे बच्चों, विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त बच्चों को अनगिनत गलतियां करने की छूट मिलती है और इसके बावजूद वे कॉलेज जा सकते हैं, बड़े-बड़े सपने देख सकते हैं। लेकिन जो बच्चे सामूहिक कारावास के इस दौर में ghetto (मलिन बस्तियों) में पैदा होते हैं, उनके लिए यह व्यवस्था इस तरह से बनाई गई है कि वह उन्हें फंसा लेती है, और अक्सर पूरी जिंदगी के लिए।
Middle-class white children, children of privilege, are afforded the opportunity to make a lot of mistakes and still go on to college, still dream big dreams. But for kids who are born in the ghetto in the era of mass incarceration, the system is designed in such a way that it traps them, often for life.
Middle-class white children, children of privilege, are afforded the opportunity to make a lot of mistakes and still go on to college, still dream big dreams. But for kids who are born in the ghetto in the era of mass incarceration, the system is designed in such a way that it traps them, often for life.
गंभीर अपराधों (फेलनी) की सजा के कारण लाखों लोग वोट देने से वंचित हैं, जिनमें अश्वेत पुरुषों का प्रतिशत सबसे ज्यादा है। 48 राज्यों में जेल में बंद लोगों को वोट देने का अधिकार नहीं है, और हालाँकि हम संयुक्त राष्ट्र अमेरिका में इसे सामान्य मान लेते हैं, लेकिन पश्चिमी दुनिया के अन्य लोकतंत्रों में जेल में बंद लोगों को भी वोट देने का अधिकार होता है।
Millions of people are unable to vote due to felony convictions with the highest rates among black men. People in prison are denied the right to vote in 48 states, and while we accept that as normal in the United States, in other western democracies people in prison do have the right to vote.
Millions of people are unable to vote due to felony convictions with the highest rates among black men. People in prison are denied the right to vote in 48 states, and while we accept that as normal in the United States, in other western democracies people in prison do have the right to vote.
इक्कीसवीं सदी की शुरुआत में 20 लाख से अधिक लोग सलाखों के पीछे पहुँच चुके थे, और लाखों अन्य लोगों को मुख्यधारा के समाज के हाशिए पर धकेल दिया गया था, उन्हें एक ऐसी राजनीतिक और सामाजिक व्यवस्था में निर्वासित कर दिया गया था जो जिम क्रो के दौर से अलग नहीं थी, जहाँ रोजगार, आवास और शिक्षा तक पहुँच में भेदभाव पूरी तरह से कानूनी था, और जहाँ उनसे वोट देने का अधिकार भी छीना जा सकता था।
More than 2 million people found themselves behind bars at the turn of the twenty-first century, and millions more were relegated to the margins of mainstream society, banished to a political and social space not unlike Jim Crow, where discrimination in employment, housing, and access to education was perfectly legal, and where they could be denied the right to vote.
More than 2 million people found themselves behind bars at the turn of the twenty-first century, and millions more were relegated to the margins of mainstream society, banished to a political and social space not unlike Jim Crow, where discrimination in employment, housing, and access to education was perfectly legal, and where they could be denied the right to vote.
ज्यादातर अमेरिकी अपने जीवनकाल में कभी न कभी ड्रग्स से जुड़े कानूनों का उल्लंघन करते हैं, लेकिन इस 'युद्ध' में दुश्मन की पहचान नस्ल के आधार पर तय की गई है। यह कोई इत्तेफाक नहीं है, बल्कि ड्रग्स के खिलाफ यह युद्ध लगभग विशेष रूप से गरीब रंगीन समुदायों के खिलाफ ही लड़ा गया है, भले ही दशकों से किए गए अध्ययनों में लगातार यह साबित हुआ हो कि रंगीन समुदाय के लोगों द्वारा अवैध ड्रग्स का इस्तेमाल या बिक्री किए जाने की संभावना गोरों से ज्यादा बिल्कुल नहीं होती।
Most Americans violate drug laws in their lifetime, but the enemy in this war has been racially defined. Not by accident, the drug war has been waged almost exclusively in poor communities of color, even though studies have consistently shown - for decades - the people of color are no more likely to use or sell illegal drugs than whites.
Most Americans violate drug laws in their lifetime, but the enemy in this war has been racially defined. Not by accident, the drug war has been waged almost exclusively in poor communities of color, even though studies have consistently shown - for decades - the people of color are no more likely to use or sell illegal drugs than whites.
आज के अधिकांश अपराध विज्ञानी इस बात को स्वीकार करेंगे कि संयुक्त राष्ट्र अमेरिका में अपराध दर और जेल जाने की दर का आपस में बहुत कम संबंध रहा है।
Most criminologists today will acknowledge that crime rates and incarceration rates in the United States have had relatively little to do with each other.
Most criminologists today will acknowledge that crime rates and incarceration rates in the United States have had relatively little to do with each other.
ज्यादातर लोग ऐसा मानते हैं कि जेल जाने वालों की संख्या में यह भारी उछाल अपराधों, खासकर हिंसक अपराधों में हुई बेतहाशा वृद्धि के कारण आया था।
Most people seem to assume that this dramatic surge in imprisonment was due to a corresponding surge in crime, particularly violent crime.
Most people seem to assume that this dramatic surge in imprisonment was due to a corresponding surge in crime, particularly violent crime.
मुझे डर है कि हम ब्रांड यानी इस तथाकथित "प्रतिरोध" को असल में मौजूद एकता से कहीं ज़्यादा मान बैठेंगे और अगली बार किसी भी डेमोक्रेट से समझौता कर बैठेगा। हमारे पास अभी एक ऐसा मौका है जिससे हम एक सार्थक विकल्प की जरूरत पर बहुत बड़ा आमचलन (consensus) बना सकें और एक ऐसा वास्तव में परिवर्तनकारी आंदोलन खड़ा कर सकें, जो गाँव-गाँव, शहर-शहर फैलकर इस देश में सचमुच एक क्रांतिकारी बदलाव की नींव रखने की क्षमता रखता हो। वह संभावना आज भी मौजूद है। इसकी एक झलक हमें तब देखने को मिली थी जब राष्ट्रपति पद के लिए चुनाव लड़ रहे एक लोकतांत्रिक समाजवादी बर्नी सैंडर्स के प्रति लोगों में भारी उत्साह उमड़ पड़ा था।
My fear is that we will mistake the brand, the "resistance," for greater unity than actually exists and wind up settling for any Democrat the next time around. We have an opportunity right now to build much greater consensus about the need for a meaningful alternative and building a truly transformational movement, town by town, city by city, that has the potential to help birth truly revolutionary change in this country. That potential exists. We got a glimpse of it when such enthusiasm erupted over a democratic socialist Bernie Sanders running for president.
My fear is that we will mistake the brand, the "resistance," for greater unity than actually exists and wind up settling for any Democrat the next time around. We have an opportunity right now to build much greater consensus about the need for a meaningful alternative and building a truly transformational movement, town by town, city by city, that has the potential to help birth truly revolutionary change in this country. That potential exists. We got a glimpse of it when such enthusiasm erupted over a democratic socialist Bernie Sanders running for president.
मेरा सबसे बड़ा अपराध किसी बेकसूर आदमी का केस लड़ने से मना करना नहीं था; मेरा सबसे बड़ा अपराध तो यह सोचना था कि नस्लीय न्याय पाने का कोई ऐसा रास्ता भी हो सकता है जिसमें उन लोगों को शामिल न किया जाए जिन्हें हम 'अपराधी' मानते हैं।
My great crime wasn't refusing to represent an innocent man; my great crime was imagining that there was some path to racial justice that did not include those we view as 'guilty'.
My great crime wasn't refusing to represent an innocent man; my great crime was imagining that there was some path to racial justice that did not include those we view as 'guilty'.
मेरा अपना नजरिया यह है—और मैं दूसरे नजरिए सुनने के लिए भी पूरी तरह तैयार हूँ—कि इस आंदोलन को खड़ा करने की शुरुआत घर से, यानी स्थानीय समुदा रातों से होनी चाहिए। यह रातों-रात कोई नया राष्ट्रीय दल बनाने की कोशिश के बारे में नहीं है। यह तो समुदायों के लोगों के आपसी मतभेदों को भुलाकर, अपने आंदोलनों और परिवारों को साथ लेकर एक मंच पर आने और यह कहने के बारे में है, "हम सब मिलकर यहाँ अपने घर में आंदोलनों का एक आंदोलन कैसे खड़ा कर सकते हैं? वह कैसा दिखेगा? हम ठीक यहीं अपने समुदायों में क्या करना चाहते हैं?"
My own view - and I'm very open to hearing other perspectives - is that this movement-building needs to begin at home, in local communities. It isn't about trying to launch a brand new national party overnight. It's about people in communities coming together across lines of difference, bringing with them their movements, their families, and coming together and saying, "How can we together build a movement of movements here at home? What would that look like? What do we want to do right here in our communities?"
My own view - and I'm very open to hearing other perspectives - is that this movement-building needs to begin at home, in local communities. It isn't about trying to launch a brand new national party overnight. It's about people in communities coming together across lines of difference, bringing with them their movements, their families, and coming together and saying, "How can we together build a movement of movements here at home? What would that look like? What do we want to do right here in our communities?"
देश भर में, हर 3 में से 1 अश्वेत पुरुष को अपनी जिंदगी का कुछ समय सलाखों के पीछे बिताना पड़ सकता है, लेकिन अलग-थलग पड़े और गरीब अश्वेत समुदायों में यह अनुपात इससे कहीं अधिक है।
Nationwide, 1 in 3 black men can expect to serve time behind bars, but the rates are far higher in segregated and impoverished black communities.
Nationwide, 1 in 3 black men can expect to serve time behind bars, but the rates are far higher in segregated and impoverished black communities.
देश भर में गंभीर अपराध के कानूनों (फेलनी डिसफ्रैंचाइजमेंट लॉ) के कारण लगभग हर 7 में से 1 अश्वेत पुरुष अस्थायी या स्थायी रूप से मतदान के अधिकार से वंचित हो जाता है।
Nationwide about 1 in 7 black men are temporarily or permanently disenfranchised due to felon disenfranchisement laws.
Nationwide about 1 in 7 black men are temporarily or permanently disenfranchised due to felon disenfranchisement laws.
दुनिया का कोई अन्य देश अपनी नस्लीय या जातीय अल्पसंख्यकों के इतने बड़े हिस्से को जेल में नहीं डालता। संयुक्त राष्ट्र अमेरिका अपनी अश्वेत आबादी के जितने बड़े प्रतिशत को जेल में रखता है, उतना तो रंगभेद (अपार्टहाइड) के चरम के दौरान दक्षिण अफ़्रीका ने भी नहीं रखा था।
No other country in the world imprisons so many of its racial or ethnic minorities. The United States imprisons a larger percentage of its black population than South Africa did at the height of apartheid
No other country in the world imprisons so many of its racial or ethnic minorities. The United States imprisons a larger percentage of its black population than South Africa did at the height of apartheid
|संयुक्त राष्ट्र अमेरिका में रंगीन लोगों को सुनियोजित तरीके से बड़े पैमाने पर जेलों में भेजने में ड्रग्स के खिलाफ युद्ध (War on Drugs) से ज्यादा किसी और चीज ने योगदान नहीं दिया है।
Nothing has contributed more to the systematic mass incarceration of people of color in the United States than the War on Drugs
Nothing has contributed more to the systematic mass incarceration of people of color in the United States than the War on Drugs
अब बहुत से लोगों के लिए इस बात पर यकीन करना मुश्किल है, क्योंकि मीडिया में ड्रग डीलर की जो छवि दिखाई जाती है वह एक ऐसे अश्वेत लड़के की होती है जो सड़क के कोने पर अपनी पैंट लटकाए खड़ा रहता है।
Now that's hard for many people to believe, given that the media image of a drug dealer is a black kid standing on the street corner with his pants sagging down.
Now that's hard for many people to believe, given that the media image of a drug dealer is a black kid standing on the street corner with his pants sagging down.
बेशक, रंगभेद से आँखें मूँद लेने के इस दौर में, एक ऐसे समय में जब हम कथित तौर पर "नस्ल से ऊपर उठ चुके हैं", अगर केवल अश्वेत लोगों को ही ड्रग्स के मामलों में जेल भेजा जाता, तो एक राष्ट्र के रूप में हम बहुत असहज महसूस करते। कुछ राज्यों में ड्रग्स के मामलों में गिरफ्तार और दोषी ठहराए जाने वाले 90 प्रतिशत लोगों के अफ्रीकी-अमेरिकी होने से हमें कोई असहजता नहीं होती, लेकिन अगर यह आंकड़ा 100 प्रतिशत पहुँच जाता, तो रंगभेद से आँखें मूँदने का यह पर्दाफाश हो जाता।
Of course in this age of colorblindness, a time when we have supposedly moved "beyond race," we as a nation would feel very uncomfortable if only black people were sent to jail for drug offenses. We seem comfortable with 90 percent of the people arrested and convicted of drug offenses in some states being African American, but if the figure was 100 percent, the veil of colorblindness would be lost.
Of course in this age of colorblindness, a time when we have supposedly moved "beyond race," we as a nation would feel very uncomfortable if only black people were sent to jail for drug offenses. We seem comfortable with 90 percent of the people arrested and convicted of drug offenses in some states being African American, but if the figure was 100 percent, the veil of colorblindness would be lost.
बेशक, रंगीन समुदायों के लोगों को पिंजरे में बंद करने और रिहाई के बाद उनपर नजर रखने पर अरबों डॉलर खर्च करने के बजाय, उनकी शिक्षा और रोजगार के अवसरों पर निवेश करना कहीं अधिक समझदारी भरा होता।
Of course it would make far more sense to invest in education and job creation in poor communities of color, rather than spend billions of dollars caging them and monitoring them upon release.
Of course it would make far more sense to invest in education and job creation in poor communities of color, rather than spend billions of dollars caging them and monitoring them upon release.
बेशक, किसी को भी खराब स्कूलों या खराब मोहल्लों में नहीं फंसना चाहिए। किसी को भी नहीं। लेकिन मुझे लगता है कि हमें एक बड़ा सवाल पूछने की जरूरत है: हम उस सामान्य चलन या उस बड़े माहौल को कैसे बदलें जिसे लोग स्वाभाविक मान लेते हैं? क्या हम मौजूदा हालात से इतने लाचार हो चुके हैं कि जो होना चाहिए, उसे पाने के लिए हम एक गंभीर बातचीत की शुरुआत भी नहीं कर सकते?
Of course, no one should be trapped in bad schools or bad neighborhoods. No one. But I think we need to be asking a larger question: How do we change the norm, the larger context that people seem to accept as a given? Are we so thoroughly resigned to what "is" that we cannot even begin a serious conversation about how to create what ought to be?
Of course, no one should be trapped in bad schools or bad neighborhoods. No one. But I think we need to be asking a larger question: How do we change the norm, the larger context that people seem to accept as a given? Are we so thoroughly resigned to what "is" that we cannot even begin a serious conversation about how to create what ought to be?
एक बार जब आप पर अपराधी या गंभीर अपराधी (फेलन) का ठप्पा लग जाता है, तो आमतौर पर आप जीवन भर के लिए उसी जाल में फंस जाते हैं।
Once you have been branded a criminal or felon, you are typically trapped for life.
Once you have been branded a criminal or felon, you are typically trapped for life.
एक बार आप पर अपराधी का ठप्पा लग गया, तो भेदभाव के पुराने तरीके—नौकरी में भेदभाव, आवास में भेदभाव, वोट देने के अधिकार से वंचित करना, शिक्षा के अवसरों से वंचित करना, फूड स्टैम्प और अन्य सरकारी लाभों से वंचित करना, और जूरी सेवा से बाहर कर देना—अचानक कानूनी हो जाते हैं। एक अपराधी के तौर पर, आपके अधिकार जिम क्रो के दौर के चरम पर अलबामा में रहने वाले किसी अश्वेत व्यक्ति से थोड़े ही ज्यादा होते हैं, और आपका सम्मान तो उससे भी बहुत कम होता है। हमने अमेरिका में नस्लीय जाति व्यवस्था को खत्म नहीं किया है; हमने तो बस उसका रूप बदला है।
Once you're labeled a felon, the old forms of discrimination - employment discrimination, housing discrimination, denial of the right to vote, denial of educational opportunity, denial of food stamps and other public benefits, and exclusion from jury service - are suddenly legal. As a criminal, you have scarcely more rights, and largely less respect, than a black man living in Alabama at the height of Jim Crow. We have not ended racial caste in America; we have merely redesigned it.
Once you're labeled a felon, the old forms of discrimination - employment discrimination, housing discrimination, denial of the right to vote, denial of educational opportunity, denial of food stamps and other public benefits, and exclusion from jury service - are suddenly legal. As a criminal, you have scarcely more rights, and largely less respect, than a black man living in Alabama at the height of Jim Crow. We have not ended racial caste in America; we have merely redesigned it.
हर तीन में से एक युवा अफ्रीकी-अमेरिकी पुरुष इस समय आपराधिक न्याय व्यवस्था के शिकंजे में है—चाहे वह जेल में हो, हिरासत में हो, प्रोबेशन पर हो या पैरोल पर—फिर भी सामूहिक कारावास को नस्लीय न्याय या नागरिक अधिकारों के मुद्दे (या संकट) के रूप में देखने के बजाय मुख्य रूप से एक आपराधिक न्याय का मुद्दा मान लिया जाता है।
One in three young African American men is currently under the control of the criminal justice system in prison, in jail, on probation, or on parole - yet mass incarceration tends to be categorized as a criminal justice issue as opposed to a racial justice or civil rights issue (or crisis).
One in three young African American men is currently under the control of the criminal justice system in prison, in jail, on probation, or on parole - yet mass incarceration tends to be categorized as a criminal justice issue as opposed to a racial justice or civil rights issue (or crisis).
उन झूठों में से एक यह है कि हमें बस इतने भर की जरूरत है कि हम और अधिक डेमोक्रेट्स को चुन लें। नहीं। इससे हम वास्तव में उस 'वादे की धरती' (मुक्ति) तक नहीं पहुँच पाएंगे।
One of those lies is that all we need to do is elect more Democrats. No. That actually isn't going to get us to the Promised Land.
One of those lies is that all we need to do is elect more Democrats. No. That actually isn't going to get us to the Promised Land.
वाशिंगटन, डी.सी. में किए गए एक अध्ययन से पता चला कि 4 में से 3 अश्वेत पुरुषों को, और सबसे गरीब मोहल्लों में रहने वाले लगभग हर व्यक्ति को अपने जीवन में कभी न कभी सलाखों के पीछे पहुँचना ही पड़ता है।
One study conducted in Washington, D.C. indicated that 3 out of 4 black men, and nearly all those living in the poorest neighborhoods could expect to find themselves behind bars at some point in their life.
One study conducted in Washington, D.C. indicated that 3 out of 4 black men, and nearly all those living in the poorest neighborhoods could expect to find themselves behind bars at some point in their life.
तीस साल के एक छोटे से अंतराल में हमारी जेलों की आबादी पाँच गुना बढ़ गई। दोगुनी या तिगुनी नहीं—पाँच गुना। हमारी जेलों की आबादी करीब 300,000 से बढ़कर अब 20 लाख से अधिक हो चुकी है।
Our prison population quintupled in a thirty year period of time. Not doubled or tripled - quintupled. We went from a prison and jail population of about 300,000 to now more than 2 million.
Our prison population quintupled in a thirty year period of time. Not doubled or tripled - quintupled. We went from a prison and jail population of about 300,000 to now more than 2 million.
बड़े पैमाने पर लोगों को जेल में डालने की हमारी इस व्यवस्था को अपराध की रोकथाम या नियंत्रण की प्रणाली के रूप में समझने के बजाय, नस्लीय और सामाजिक नियंत्रण की प्रणाली के रूप में बेहतर ढंग से समझा जा सकता है।
Our system of mass incarceration is better understood as a system of racial and social control than a system of crime prevention or control.
Our system of mass incarceration is better understood as a system of racial and social control than a system of crime prevention or control.
ड्रग्स से जुड़े मामलों में आरोपी बनाए जाने वाले लोग आमतौर पर गरीब और अश्वेत होते हैं। उन पर अक्सर गंभीर आरोप (फेलनी) लगाए जाते हैं और उन्हें जेल भेज दिया जाता है।
People charged with drug offenses, though, are typically poor people of color. They are routinely charged with felonies and sent to prison.
People charged with drug offenses, though, are typically poor people of color. They are routinely charged with felonies and sent to prison.
प्रोबेशन और पैरोल पर चल रहे लोगों को आम तौर पर वोट देने का अधिकार नहीं दिया जाता, और ग्यारह राज्यों में तो सजा पूरी होने के बाद भी लोगों से वोट का अधिकार छीन लिया जाता है।
People on probation and parole are typically denied the right to vote, and in eleven states people are denied the right to vote even after completion of their sentences.
People on probation and parole are typically denied the right to vote, and in eleven states people are denied the right to vote even after completion of their sentences.
बस्तियों में ड्रग्स की खरीद-फरोख्त खूब होती है, लेकिन अमेरिका में यह हर जगह होती है। बल्कि, कुछ अध्ययनों से पता चलता है कि जहाँ आंकड़ों में साफ अंतर देखने को मिलता है, वहाँ श्वेत युवाओं द्वारा अश्वेत युवाओं की तुलना में अवैध ड्रग्स का कारोबार करने की संभावना ज़्यादा होती है।
Plenty of drug dealing does happen in the 'hood, but it happens everywhere else in America as well. In fact, some studies suggest that where significant differences in the data can be found, white youth are more likely to engage in illegal drug dealing than black youth.
Plenty of drug dealing does happen in the 'hood, but it happens everywhere else in America as well. In fact, some studies suggest that where significant differences in the data can be found, white youth are more likely to engage in illegal drug dealing than black youth.
कुछ राज्यों में, खासकर कैलिफ़ोर्निया में, जेल गार्डों के संघ (यूनियन) बहुत ताक़तवर राजनीतिक ताकत बन गए हैं।
Prison guard unions have become the powerful political forces in some states, particularly California.
Prison guard unions have become the powerful political forces in some states, particularly California.
प्राइवेट जेल कंपनियाँ अब न्यू यॉर्क स्टॉक एक्सचेंज में लिस्टेड हैं और आर्थिक मंदी (और कुछ समुदायों में तो महामंदी) के इस दौर में भी काफ़ी अच्छा प्रदर्शन कर रही हैं। लेकिन यह तो बस शुरुआत है।
Private prison companies are now listed on the New York Stock exchange and are doing quite well in a time of economic recession (and depression in some communities). But that's just the tip of the iceberg.
Private prison companies are now listed on the New York Stock exchange and are doing quite well in a time of economic recession (and depression in some communities). But that's just the tip of the iceberg.
सरकारी आवास योजनाओं के साथ-साथ प्राइवेट मकान मालिक भी आपराधिक रिकॉर्ड वाले लोगों को घर देने से इनकार करने के लिए पूरी तरह स्वतंत्र हैं। यहाँ तक कि इसके लिए आपका दोषी साबित होना भी ज़रूरी नहीं है। आपको सिर्फ़ एक गिरफ्तारी के आधार पर घर देने से मना किया जा सकता है – या आपके परिवार को निकाला जा सकता है।
Public housing projects as well as private landlords are free to deny housing to people with criminal records. In fact, you don't even have to be convicted. You can be denied housing - or your family evicted - just based on an arrest.
Public housing projects as well as private landlords are free to deny housing to people with criminal records. In fact, you don't even have to be convicted. You can be denied housing - or your family evicted - just based on an arrest.
देश की स्थापना के बाद से ही अश्वेत अमेरिकियों को लगातार ऐसी संस्थाओं और व्यवस्थाओं के ज़रिए नियंत्रित किया गया है जैसे कि गुलामी और जिम क्रो कानून; जो देखने में खत्म हुई लगती हैं, लेकिन फिर उस दौर की ज़रूरतों और सीमाओं के हिसाब से नए रूप में लौट आती हैं।
Since the nation's founding, African Americans repeatedly have been controlled through institutions such as slavery and Jim Crow, which appear to die, but then are reborn in new form, tailored to the needs and constraints of the time.
Since the nation's founding, African Americans repeatedly have been controlled through institutions such as slavery and Jim Crow, which appear to die, but then are reborn in new form, tailored to the needs and constraints of the time.
समाजशास्त्रियों ने अक्सर यह गौर किया है कि सरकारें सज़ा का इस्तेमाल मुख्य रूप से सामाजिक नियंत्रण के एक हथियार के रूप में करती हैं, और इसलिए सज़ा का दायरा या उसकी कठोरता अक्सर अपराध के वास्तविक तौर-तरीकों से मेल नहीं खाती।
Sociologists have frequently observed that governments use punishment primarily as a tool of social control, and thus the extent or severity of punishment is often unrelated to actual crime patterns.
Sociologists have frequently observed that governments use punishment primarily as a tool of social control, and thus the extent or severity of punishment is often unrelated to actual crime patterns.
बड़ी तस्वीर यह है कि पिछले 30 सालों में, हमने ड्रग्स के खिलाफ़ एक ऐसा युद्ध लड़ने में 1 लाख करोड़ डॉलर खर्च कर दिए हैं जो न तो ड्रग्स की लत या उसके दुरुपयोग को रोकने में किसी भी तरह से कामयाब रहा, और इसके उलट उसने अन्य सार्वजनिक सेवाओं, खासकर शिक्षा से भारी-भरकम संसाधनों को खींचकर अपनी तरफ़ मोड़ लिया।
The bigger picture is that over the last 30 years, we have spent $1 trillion waging a drug war that has failed in any meaningful way to reduce drug addiction or abuse, and yet has siphoned an enormous amount of resources away from other public services, especially education.
The bigger picture is that over the last 30 years, we have spent $1 trillion waging a drug war that has failed in any meaningful way to reduce drug addiction or abuse, and yet has siphoned an enormous amount of resources away from other public services, especially education.
एक राष्ट्र के रूप में, नशे में गाड़ी चलाने (ड्रंक ड्राइविंग) से पैदा हुए संकट और क्रैक कोकीन के उभरने से पैदा हुए संकट के प्रति हमने जिस बिल्कुल अलग तरीके से प्रतिक्रिया दी, वह इस बात को साफ बयान करती है कि हम किसे कीमती मानते हैं और किसे फालतू या बेकार समझते हैं।
The dramatically different manner in which we, as a nation, responded to the crisis presented by drunk driving and the crisis caused by the emergence of crack cocaine speaks volumes about who we value, and who we view as disposable.
The dramatically different manner in which we, as a nation, responded to the crisis presented by drunk driving and the crisis caused by the emergence of crack cocaine speaks volumes about who we value, and who we view as disposable.
शिक्षा न्याय आंदोलन और जेल न्याय आंदोलन कई जगहों पर अलग-अलग इस तरह काम कर रहे हैं मानो वे एक-दूसरे से कटे हुए हों। लेकिन सच्चाई यह है कि हम गरीब बच्चों और अश्वेत बच्चों को शिक्षा के सार्थक अवसर तब तक नहीं दे पाएंगे, जब तक हम यह बात नहीं समझ लेते और मान लेते कि हम एक नाकाम आपराधिक न्याय व्यवस्था पर खरबों डॉलर बर्बाद कर रहे हैं।
The education justice movement and the prison justice movement have been operating separately in many places as though they're in silos. But the reality is we're not going to provide meaningful education opportunities to poor kids, kids of color, until and unless we recognize that we're wasting trillions of dollars on a failed criminal justice system.
The education justice movement and the prison justice movement have been operating separately in many places as though they're in silos. But the reality is we're not going to provide meaningful education opportunities to poor kids, kids of color, until and unless we recognize that we're wasting trillions of dollars on a failed criminal justice system.
यह सच्चाई कि किसी भी बड़े अमेरिकी शहर में आधे से ज़्यादा युवा अश्वेत पुरुष इस समय आपराधिक न्याय व्यवस्था के शिकंजे में हैं (या जिन पर आपराधिक कलंक लगा हुआ है) - जैसा कि कई लोग तर्क देते हैं - वह सिर्फ गरीबी या गलत चुनाव का नतीजा नहीं है, बल्कि यह काम कर रही एक नई नस्लीय वर्ण व्यवस्था (कास्ट सिस्टम) का सबूत है।
The fact that more than half of the young black men in any large American city are currently under the control of the criminal justice system (or saddled with criminal records) is not - as many argue - just a symptom of poverty or poor choices, but rather evidence of a new racial caste system at work.
The fact that more than half of the young black men in any large American city are currently under the control of the criminal justice system (or saddled with criminal records) is not - as many argue - just a symptom of poverty or poor choices, but rather evidence of a new racial caste system at work.
इस बात से कि हर रंग के लोग ड्रग्स के इस युद्ध में फँसे हैं, इस पूरी व्यवस्था को गंभीर आलोचना से बचाने में मदद मिलती है। इससे पहली नजर में ऐसा भ्रम पैदा होता है कि यह युद्ध बिना किसी पक्षपात के लड़ा जा रहा है, जबकि सच्चाई इससे कोसों दूर होती है।
The fact that people of all colors have been ensnared by the drug war helps to preserve the system as a whole from serious critique, as it creates the impression - at a glance - that the war is being waged in an unbiased manner, even when nothing could be further from the truth.
The fact that people of all colors have been ensnared by the drug war helps to preserve the system as a whole from serious critique, as it creates the impression - at a glance - that the war is being waged in an unbiased manner, even when nothing could be further from the truth.
लाखों लोगों का भविष्य — और खुद अश्वेत समुदाय का भविष्य — इस बात पर निर्भर हो सकता है कि जो लोग नस्लीय न्याय की परवाह करते हैं, वे हमारी समाज में आपराधिक न्याय व्यवस्था की भूमिका को लेकर अपनी बुनियादी मान्यताओं पर फिर से विचार करने को तैयार हैं या नहीं।
The fate of millions of people—indeed the future of the black community itself—may depend on the willingness of those who care about racial justice to re-examine their basic assumptions about the role of the criminal justice system in our society.
The fate of millions of people—indeed the future of the black community itself—may depend on the willingness of those who care about racial justice to re-examine their basic assumptions about the role of the criminal justice system in our society.
श्वेत पुरुषों का बड़े पैमाने पर अपराधीकरण किया जाना हमारे रोंगटे खड़े कर देगा।
The mass criminalization of white men would disturb us to the core.
The mass criminalization of white men would disturb us to the core.
गरीब अश्वेत लोगों, खासकर अश्वेत पुरुषों को बड़े पैमाने पर जेल में डालना एक नई वर्ण व्यवस्था (कास्ट सिस्टम) के रूप में उभरा है, जिसे खास तौर पर हमारे समय की सामाजिक, आर्थिक और राजनीतिक चुनौतियों से निपटने के लिए तैयार किया गया है।
The mass incarceration of poor people of color, particularly black men, has emerged as a new caste system, one specifically designed to address the social, economic, and political challenges of our time.
The mass incarceration of poor people of color, particularly black men, has emerged as a new caste system, one specifically designed to address the social, economic, and political challenges of our time.
वर्ण-भेद न देख पाने (कलरब्लाइंडनेस) से जुड़ी मिथ्या धारणाएं लोगों को यह सोचने पर मजबूर कर देती हैं कि अगर रंगीन चमड़ी के गरीब बच्चे असफल हो रहे हैं या बड़ी संख्या में जेल जा रहे हैं, तो ज़रूर उन्हीं में कोई खराबी होगी। यह रंगीन चमड़ी के छोटे बच्चों को अपने आस-पास देखकर यह सोचने पर मजबूर करता है: "ज़रूर मुझमें कुछ खराबी है, ज़रूर हम में कुछ खराबी है। क्या मुझमें, या हम जैसे लोगों में कुछ ऐसा अंतर्निहित है, कुछ ऐसा अलग है, जो हमें बार-बार असफल होने पर मजबूर करता है, जो हमें इन दयनीय परिस्थितियों में जीने के लिए मजबूर करता है, जो हमें जेल के अंदर-बाहर जाने के लिए मजबूर करता है?"
The mythology around colorblindness leads people to imagine that if poor kids of color are failing or getting locked up in large numbers, it must be something wrong with them. It leads young kids of color to look around and say: "There must be something wrong with me, there must be something wrong with us. Is there something inherent, something different about me, about us as a people, that leads us to fail so often, that leads us to live in these miserable conditions, that leads us to go in and out of prison?"
The mythology around colorblindness leads people to imagine that if poor kids of color are failing or getting locked up in large numbers, it must be something wrong with them. It leads young kids of color to look around and say: "There must be something wrong with me, there must be something wrong with us. Is there something inherent, something different about me, about us as a people, that leads us to fail so often, that leads us to live in these miserable conditions, that leads us to go in and out of prison?"
आपराधिक न्याय व्यवस्था का स्वरूप बदल चुका है। अब इसका मुख्य सरोकार अपराध की रोकथाम और सज़ा देने से नहीं, बल्कि बेसहारा और अधिकारहीन लोगों के प्रबंधन और नियंत्रण से है।
The nature of the criminal justice system has changed. It is no longer primarily concerned with the prevention and punishment of crime, but rather with the management and control of the dispossessed.
The nature of the criminal justice system has changed. It is no longer primarily concerned with the prevention and punishment of crime, but rather with the management and control of the dispossessed.
द न्यू जिम क्रो: कलरब्लाइंडनेस के दौर में बड़े पैमाने पर लोगों को जेल भेजना।
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness.
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness.
प्रिजन-इंडस्ट्रियल कॉम्प्लेक्स प्रत्यक्ष और अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से लाखों लोगों को रोजगार देता है। जज, अभيसाजक (प्रॉसिक्यूटर), बचाव पक्ष के वकील, जेल गार्ड, जेल बनाने वाली कंस्ट्रक्शन कंपनियाँ, पुलिस, प्रोबेशन ऑफिसर, कोर्ट क्लर्क; यह सूची बहुत लंबी है। कई ऐसे ग्रामीण समुदाय जिनकी आबादी में गोरे लोग ज़्यादा हैं, अब यह मानने लगे हैं कि उनकी स्थानीय अर्थव्यवस्था नौकरियों के लिए जेलों पर निर्भर करती है।
The prison-industrial complex employs millions of people directly and indirectly. Judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, prison guards, construction companies that build prisons, police, probation officers, court clerks, the list goes on and on. Many predominately white rural communities have come to believe that their local economies depend on prisons for jobs.
The prison-industrial complex employs millions of people directly and indirectly. Judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, prison guards, construction companies that build prisons, police, probation officers, court clerks, the list goes on and on. Many predominately white rural communities have come to believe that their local economies depend on prisons for jobs.
सुधारात्मक नियंत्रण के तहत, जेल या सलाखों के पीछे, प्रोबेशन या पैरोल पर जितने अश्वेत अफ्रीकी अमेरिकी हैं, उनकी संख्या 1850 में (यानी अमेरिकी गृहयुद्ध शुरू होने से एक दशक पहले) गुलाम बनाए गए लोगों से भी ज़्यादा है।
There are more African Americans under correctional control, in prison or jail, on probation or parole, than were enslaved in 1850 a decade before the civil war began.
There are more African Americans under correctional control, in prison or jail, on probation or parole, than were enslaved in 1850 a decade before the civil war began.
किसी व्यक्ति को फँसाए रखने के लिए कई तरह की सलाखें और तार हो सकते हैं। उन सबका मक़सद पक्षी को नुकसान पहुँचाना या पिंजरे में बंद करना नहीं होता, फिर भी वे वही काम करती हैं।
There can be many bars, wires that keep a person trapped. All of them don't have to have been created for the purpose of harming or caging the bird, but they still serve that function.
There can be many bars, wires that keep a person trapped. All of them don't have to have been created for the purpose of harming or caging the bird, but they still serve that function.
आज बड़े पैमाने पर लोगों को जेल भेजने (मास इनकर्सरेशन) को लेकर जबरदस्त भ्रम और इनकार की स्थिति बनी हुई है, और यही बात आंदोलन खड़ा करने में सबसे बड़ी बाधा है। जब तक हम इस व्यवस्था को लेकर सच्चाई से मुँह मोड़ते रहेंगे, तब तक कोई आंदोलन खड़ा करना नामुमकिन होगा। मेरा मानना है कि कक्षाओं में युवाओं के सामने इस व्यवस्था की सच्चाई लाना और उनकी आलोचनात्मक क्षमताओं को विकसित करना, सार्थक जुड़ाव और सामूहिक, प्रेरित कार्रवाई के रास्ते खोल देगा।
There is a tremendous amount of confusion and denial that exists about mass incarceration today, and that is the biggest barrier to movement building. As long as we remain in denial about this system, movement building will be impossible. Exposing youth in classrooms to the truth about this system and developing their critical capacities will, I believe, open the door to meaningful engagement and collective, inspired action.
There is a tremendous amount of confusion and denial that exists about mass incarceration today, and that is the biggest barrier to movement building. As long as we remain in denial about this system, movement building will be impossible. Exposing youth in classrooms to the truth about this system and developing their critical capacities will, I believe, open the door to meaningful engagement and collective, inspired action.
राजनीतिक व्यवस्था किसी भी तरह के दर्जे के संबंधों (स्टेटस रिलेशंस), जिनमें नस्लीय पदानुक्रम भी शामिल है, को लागू करने के लिए जो नियम और कारण अपनाती है, वे विरोध होने पर विकसित और बदलते रहते हैं।
The rules and reasons the political system employs to enforce status relations of any kind, including racial hierarchy, evolve and change as they are challenged.
The rules and reasons the political system employs to enforce status relations of any kind, including racial hierarchy, evolve and change as they are challenged.
तथाकथित प्रतिरोध बहुत व्यापक है और हम हर बात पर सहमत नहीं हैं, लेकिन एक ऐसा अवसर आया है जब लोग ध्यान दे रहे हैं। इस समय हमारे लिए यह ज़रूरी है कि हम राजनीतिक शिक्षा और अपनी खुद की नैतिक शिक्षा को लेकर वास्तव में गंभीर हो जाएं, और इस अवसर का लाभ उठाकर संगठित हों तथा उन तमाम लोगों के साथ गहरी बातचीत करें जिन्होंने पहले कभी राजनीतिक रूप से जुड़ने या सक्रिय होने के बारे में सोचा भी नहीं था। इसमें एक सच्ची उम्मीद और एक वास्तविक अवसर छिपा है।
The so-called resistance is very broad and we don't agree on everything, but there's a moment of opportunity when people are paying attention. It's time for us to really get serious about political education and about our own moral education in this moment, and to seize this opportunity to organize and be in deep dialogue with a whole lot of people who never even thought about being politically engaged or active before. There's real hope there and real opportunity.
The so-called resistance is very broad and we don't agree on everything, but there's a moment of opportunity when people are paying attention. It's time for us to really get serious about political education and about our own moral education in this moment, and to seize this opportunity to organize and be in deep dialogue with a whole lot of people who never even thought about being politically engaged or active before. There's real hope there and real opportunity.
यह व्यवस्था अपने आप काफी हद तक स्वतःस्फूर्त तरीके से काम करती थी, और नस्लीय अर्थों, पहचानों और विचारधाराओं की प्रचलित व्यवस्था पहले से ही स्वाभाविक लगती थी। कई राज्यों में ड्रग्स के मामलों में जेल भेजे गए लोगों में नब्बे प्रतिशत अश्वेत या लातिएनो थे, फिर भी रंगीन चमड़ी वाले समुदायों को बड़े पैमाने पर जेल भेजने की इस घटना को नस्ल-निरपेक्ष (रेस-नट्रल) शब्दों में समझाया गया, जो मौजूदा राजनीतिक माहौल की जरूरतों और मांगों के अनुकूल था।
The system functioned relatively automatically, and the prevailing system of racial meanings, identities, and ideologies already seemed natural. Ninety percent of those admitted to prison for drug offenses in many states were Black or Latino, yet the mass incarceration of communities of color was explained in race-neutral terms, an adaptation to the needs and demands of the current political climate.
The system functioned relatively automatically, and the prevailing system of racial meanings, identities, and ideologies already seemed natural. Ninety percent of those admitted to prison for drug offenses in many states were Black or Latino, yet the mass incarceration of communities of color was explained in race-neutral terms, an adaptation to the needs and demands of the current political climate.
संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में जेल में बंद किए जाने की दर दुनिया में सबसे ज़्यादा है, जो रूस, चीन या ईरान जैसे अत्यधिक दमनकारी शासन तंत्रों की दरों को भी बौना कर देती है। यह आपराधिक न्याय नीति में एक क्रांतिकारी बदलाव को दर्शाता है, एक ऐसा चौंकाने वाला विकास जिसकी भविष्यवाणी चालीस साल पहले व्यावहारिक रूप से किसी ने नहीं की थी – यहाँ तक कि सर्वश्रेष्ठ अपराधशास्त्रियों (क्रिमिनोलॉजिस्ट) ने भी नहीं।
The United States does have the highest rate of incarceration in the world dwarfing the rates of even highly repressive regimes like Russia, China or Iran. This reflects a radical shift in criminal justice policy, a stunning development that virtually no one - not even the best criminologists - predicted forty years ago.
The United States does have the highest rate of incarceration in the world dwarfing the rates of even highly repressive regimes like Russia, China or Iran. This reflects a radical shift in criminal justice policy, a stunning development that virtually no one - not even the best criminologists - predicted forty years ago.
संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका अपनी अश्वेत आबादी के एक बहुत बड़े हिस्से को जेल में डालता है, जो रंगभेद (अपार्टहाइंड) के चरम पर दक्षिण अफ्रीका द्वारा रखे गए अनुपात से भी ज़्यादा है। वाशिंगटन, डी.सी., जो हमारे देश की राजधानी है, में ऐसा अनुमान है कि हर चार में से तीन युवा अश्वेत पुरुष (और सबसे गरीब इलाकों के लगभग सभी युवा) अपने जीवन का कुछ समय जेल में बिताने की उम्मीद कर सकते हैं।
The United States imprisons a larger percentage of its black population than South Africa did at the height of apartheid. In Washington, D.C., our nation’s capitol, it is estimated that three out of four young black men (and nearly all those in the poorest neighborhoods) can expect to serve time in prison.
The United States imprisons a larger percentage of its black population than South Africa did at the height of apartheid. In Washington, D.C., our nation’s capitol, it is estimated that three out of four young black men (and nearly all those in the poorest neighborhoods) can expect to serve time in prison.
नशे में गाड़ी चलाने वालों (ड्रंक ड्राइविंग) और ड्रग्स के अपराधियों को मिलने वाली बिल्कुल अलग-अलग सजाएं हमें यह बताती हैं कि किसे 'फालतू या बेकार' समझा जाता है - यानी ऐसा व्यक्ति जिसे राजनीतिक व्यवस्था से बाहर कर देना चाहिए - और किसे नहीं। ड्रंक ड्राइविंग करने वाले ज़्यादातर श्वेत और पुरुष होते हैं।
The vastly different sentences afforded drunk drivers and drug offenders tells us who is viewed as disposable - someone to be purged from the body politic - and who is not. Drunk drivers are predominately white and male.
The vastly different sentences afforded drunk drivers and drug offenders tells us who is viewed as disposable - someone to be purged from the body politic - and who is not. Drunk drivers are predominately white and male.
नस्ल-निरपेक्ष भाषा में छिपा हुआ ड्रग्स के खिलाफ युद्ध, नस्लीय सुधार का विरोध करने वाले गोरों को बिना नस्लवादी होने का आरोप झिले, अश्वेतों और उनकी प्रगति के प्रति अपनी शत्रुता व्यक्त करने का एक अनूठा अवसर प्रदान करता है।
The War on Drugs, cloaked in race-neutral language, offered whites opposed to racial reform a unique opportunity to express their hostility toward blacks and black progress, without being exposed to the charge of racism.
The War on Drugs, cloaked in race-neutral language, offered whites opposed to racial reform a unique opportunity to express their hostility toward blacks and black progress, without being exposed to the charge of racism.
ड्रग्स के खिलाफ युद्ध बड़े पैमाने पर लोगों को जेल भेजने का मुख्य कारण रहा है। हमारी जेल व्यवस्था के सबसे तीव्र विस्तार के दौर यानी 1985 से 2000 के बीच, संघीय जेलों में आबादी में हुई बढ़ोतरी में अकेले दो-तिहाई हिस्सेदारी ड्रग्स से जुड़े मामलों की थी, जबकि राज्य की जेलों में यह बढ़ोतरी आधे से अधिक थी।
The war on drugs has been the engine of mass incarceration. Drug convictions alone constituted about two-thirds of the increase in the federal prison population and more than half of the increase in the state prison population between 1985 and 2000, the period of our prison system's most dramatic expansion.
The war on drugs has been the engine of mass incarceration. Drug convictions alone constituted about two-thirds of the increase in the federal prison population and more than half of the increase in the state prison population between 1985 and 2000, the period of our prison system's most dramatic expansion.
अमेरिका में ड्रग युद्ध और अपराध के खिलाफ सख्ती के आंदोलन के साथ जो दंडात्मक रवैया हावी हुआ, उसने वास्तव में हमारे स्कूलों को अपनी चपेट में ले लिया। इस भंवर में फंसे स्कूलों ने बच्चों को ऐसे युवाओं के रूप में देखने के बजाय, जिनमें अपार संभावनाएं हैं और जो अपने कठिन हालातों में आगे बढ़ने और सफल होने के लिए संघर्ष कर रहे हैं, उन्हें अपराधियों या संदिग्धों के रूप में देखना शुरू कर दिया। हमने स्कूलों के युवाओं को मार्गदर्शन की जरूरत वाले बच्चों के बजाय संभावित अपराधियों के रूप में देखना शुरू कर दिया।
The wave of punitiveness that washed over the United States with the rise of the drug war and the get tough movement really flooded our schools. Schools, caught up in this maelstrom, began viewing children as criminals or suspects, rather than as young people with an enormous amount of potential struggling in their own ways and their own difficult context to make it and hopefully thrive. We began viewing the youth in schools as potential violators rather than as children needing our guidance.
The wave of punitiveness that washed over the United States with the rise of the drug war and the get tough movement really flooded our schools. Schools, caught up in this maelstrom, began viewing children as criminals or suspects, rather than as young people with an enormous amount of potential struggling in their own ways and their own difficult context to make it and hopefully thrive. We began viewing the youth in schools as potential violators rather than as children needing our guidance.
आज अपराधियों के साथ लगभग उन सभी तरीकों से भेदभाव करना पूरी तरह से कानूनी है, जिन तरीकों से कभी अफ्रीकी अमेरिकियों के साथ भेदभाव करना कानूनी हुआ करता था। एक बार जब आप पर मुजरिम होने का ठप्पा लग जाता है, तो भेदभाव के पुराने रूप - नौकरी में भेदभाव, आवास में भेदभाव, मतदान के अधिकार से वंचित करना, शिक्षा के अवसरों से वंचित करना, फूड स्टाम्प और अन्य सरकारी लाभों से वंचित करना, और जूरी सेवा से बाहर रखना - अचानक कानूनी हो जाते हैं।
Today it is perfectly legal to discriminate against criminals in nearly all the ways that it was once legal to discriminate against African Americans. Once you're labeled a felon, the old forms of discrimination - employment discrimination, housing discrimination, denial of the right to vote, denial of educational opportunity, denial of food stamps and other public benefits, and exclusion from jury service - are suddenly legal.
Today it is perfectly legal to discriminate against criminals in nearly all the ways that it was once legal to discriminate against African Americans. Once you're labeled a felon, the old forms of discrimination - employment discrimination, housing discrimination, denial of the right to vote, denial of educational opportunity, denial of food stamps and other public benefits, and exclusion from jury service - are suddenly legal.
आज सुधारात्मक निगरानी में, यानी जेलों में, प्रोबेशन या पैरोल पर, अफ्रीकी-अमेरिकियों की संख्या उतनी ही है, जितनी 1850 में (गृहयुद्ध शुरू होने से एक दशक पहले) गुलाम बनाए गए लोगों की थी। आज लाखों अफ्रीकी-अमेरिकियों की जिंदगी जेलों के चक्कर काटने, सुधारात्मक निगरानी में रहने या आपराधिक रिकॉर्ड के बोझ तले दबी हुई है। आज अमेरिका के प्रमुख शहरों में, कामकाजी उम्र के आधे से अधिक अफ्रीकी-अमेरिकी पुरुष या तो सुधारात्मक निगरानी में हैं या अपराधी करार दिए जा चुके हैं, और इस तरह वे अपनी बाकी की जिंदगी के लिए कानूनी भेदभाव का सामना करने को मजबूर हैं।
Today there are more African-Americans under correctional control, in prison or jail, on probation or parole, than were enslaved in 1850, a decade before the Civil War began. There are millions of African-Americans now cycling in and out of prisons and jails or under correctional control or saddled with criminal records. In major American cities today, more than half of working-age African-American men either are under correctional control or are branded felons, and are thus subject to legalized discrimination for the rest of their lives.
Today there are more African-Americans under correctional control, in prison or jail, on probation or parole, than were enslaved in 1850, a decade before the Civil War began. There are millions of African-Americans now cycling in and out of prisons and jails or under correctional control or saddled with criminal records. In major American cities today, more than half of working-age African-American men either are under correctional control or are branded felons, and are thus subject to legalized discrimination for the rest of their lives.
स्थिति को और बदतर बनाते हुए, संघीय ड्रग जब्ती कानून राज्य और स्थानीय कानून प्रवर्तन एजेंसियों को ड्रग्स के संदिग्ध अपराधियों से जप्त की गई नकदी, कारों और घरों का 80 प्रतिशत तक अपने पास रखने की अनुमति देते हैं। इसके लिए आपका ड्रग्स के मामले में दोषी साबित होना भी जरूरी नहीं है; यदि आप पर सिर्फ ड्रग्स के मामले का संदेह है, तो कानून प्रवर्तन अधिकारियों को यह अधिकार है कि वे आपके पास या आपके घर में मिलने वाली नकदी को रख लें, या आपकी कार को जब्त कर लें यदि उसमें कथित तौर पर ड्रग्स मिलने या वाहन में उसके ले जाए जाने का "संदेह" हो।
To make matters worse, federal drug forfeiture laws allow state and local law enforcement agencies to keep, for their own use, up to 80 percent of the cash, cars, and homes seized from suspected drug offenders. You don't even have to be convicted of a drug offense; if you're just suspected of a drug offense, law enforcement has the right to keep the cash they find on you or in your home, or seize your car if drugs are allegedly found in it or "suspected" of being transported in the vehicle.
To make matters worse, federal drug forfeiture laws allow state and local law enforcement agencies to keep, for their own use, up to 80 percent of the cash, cars, and homes seized from suspected drug offenders. You don't even have to be convicted of a drug offense; if you're just suspected of a drug offense, law enforcement has the right to keep the cash they find on you or in your home, or seize your car if drugs are allegedly found in it or "suspected" of being transported in the vehicle.
मतदान अधिकारों की विशेषज्ञ और कानूनी विद्वान पैम कार्लान बताती हैं कि 2004 तक, 1870 (जिस वर्ष पंद्रहवां संशोधन पारित किया गया था जिसमें नस्ल के आधार पर मतदान के अधिकार से वंचित करने वाले कानूनों को प्रतिबंधित किया गया था) की तुलना में अधिक अश्वेत पुरुषों को मतदान के अधिकार से वंचित किया गया था।
Voting rights expert and legal scholar Pam Karlan reports that as of 2004, there were more black men disenfranchised than in 1870, the year the Fifteenth Amendment was ratified prohibiting laws that deny the right to vote on the basis of race.
Voting rights expert and legal scholar Pam Karlan reports that as of 2004, there were more black men disenfranchised than in 1870, the year the Fifteenth Amendment was ratified prohibiting laws that deny the right to vote on the basis of race.
हम ऐसे सामाजिक और राजनीतिक माहौल में जी रहे हैं जहाँ अश्वेत और गरीब लोगों को शिक्षित करने और उन्हें आर्थिक अवसरों से सशक्त बनाने के बजाय उन्हें दंडित करना एक सामान्य नियम बन गया है।
We are in a social and political context in which the norm is to punish poor folks of color rather than to educate and empower them with economic opportunity.
We are in a social and political context in which the norm is to punish poor folks of color rather than to educate and empower them with economic opportunity.
हम यह मानकर नहीं चल सकते कि यह विरोध अपने आप ऐसे उम्मीदवार या दल पैदा कर देगा जो वास्तव में हर रंग, हर पृष्ठभूमि, हर जाति, हर राष्ट्र, हर धर्म और हर लिंग के लोगों का सम्मान करेंगे, जब तक कि हम अपने समुदायों में खुद मिलकर काम नहीं करते और सभी प्रकार के मतभेदों से परे एक-दूसरे के साथ गहरी बातचीत नहीं करते। मुझे उम्मीद है कि हम इस अवसर को जाने नहीं देंगे और इस पल को हाथ से नहीं जाने देंगे।
We can't just assume that this resistance is going to produce the kinds of candidates or the kinds of parties that will truly honor people of all colors, all backgrounds, all ethnicities, from every nation and every faith and every gender, unless we do the work in our own communities of organizing and being in deep dialogue with one another across all forms of difference. It's my hope that we'll seize this opportunity and not let the moment pass.
We can't just assume that this resistance is going to produce the kinds of candidates or the kinds of parties that will truly honor people of all colors, all backgrounds, all ethnicities, from every nation and every faith and every gender, unless we do the work in our own communities of organizing and being in deep dialogue with one another across all forms of difference. It's my hope that we'll seize this opportunity and not let the moment pass.
हमने हाल के वर्षों में इस डर से नस्ल के बारे में खुलकर और ईमानदारी से बात करने से परहेज किया है कि इससे लोग दूर हो जाएंगे और दूरियां बढ़ जाएंगी। मेरे अपने विचार में, नस्ल के मुद्दे से खुलकर और ईमानदारी से निपटने से हमारा यह इनकार ही हमें बहिष्कार और विभाजन के उन चक्रों को बार-बार दोहराने पर मजबूर करता है, और एक ऐसी जाति जैसी व्यवस्था को पुनर्जीवित करता है जिसे हम पीछे छोड़ चुके होने का दावा करते हैं।
We have avoided in recent years talking openly and honestly about race out of fear that it will alienate and polarize. In my own view, it’s our refusal to deal openly and honestly with race that leads us to keep repeating these cycles of exclusion and division, and rebirthing a caste-like system that we claim we’ve left behind
We have avoided in recent years talking openly and honestly about race out of fear that it will alienate and polarize. In my own view, it’s our refusal to deal openly and honestly with race that leads us to keep repeating these cycles of exclusion and division, and rebirthing a caste-like system that we claim we’ve left behind
हमने अमेरिका में नस्लीय जाति व्यवस्था को समाप्त नहीं किया है, हमने बस उसका रूप बदला है।
We have not ended racial caste in America, we have merely redesigned it.
We have not ended racial caste in America, we have merely redesigned it.
जब से ड्रग्स के खिलाफ युद्ध शुरू हुआ है, तब से हम इस पर 1 ट्रिलियन (एक खरब) डॉलर खर्च कर चुके हैं। एक ट्रिलियन डॉलर। उन पैसों का इस्तेमाल उन समुदायों में शिक्षा, रोजगार और ड्रग्स के इलाज के लिए किया जा सकता था जिन्हें इसकी सबसे ज्यादा जरूरत थी। हम उन पैसों का इस्तेमाल अपने सामूहिक कल्याण के लिए कर सकते थे, लेकिन इसके बजाय उन पैसों ने अनगिनत जिंदगियों, परिवारों और सपनों की बर्बादी का रास्ता साफ कर दिया।
We have now spent 1 trillion dollars waging the drug war since it began. A trillion. Those funds could have been used for education, jobs and drug treatment in the communities that needed it most. We could have used those funds for our collective well being, instead those dollars paved the way for the destruction of countless lives, families, and dreams.
We have now spent 1 trillion dollars waging the drug war since it began. A trillion. Those funds could have been used for education, jobs and drug treatment in the communities that needed it most. We could have used those funds for our collective well being, instead those dollars paved the way for the destruction of countless lives, families, and dreams.
हमें जेलों का नहीं, शिक्षा का एक आंदोलन खड़ा करना होगा। जेलखानों का नहीं, रोजगार का एक आंदोलन। एक ऐसा आंदोलन जो जेल से रिहाई पाने वाले लोगों के खिलाफ हर तरह के भेदभाव को खत्म करे - वह भेदभाव जो उन्हें काम, आशियाना और भोजन के बुनियादी मानवाधिकारों से वंचित करता है।
We must build a movement for education, not incarceration. A movement for jobs, not jails. A movement that will end all forms of discrimination against people released from prison - discrimination that denies them basic human rights to work, shelter and food.
We must build a movement for education, not incarceration. A movement for jobs, not jails. A movement that will end all forms of discrimination against people released from prison - discrimination that denies them basic human rights to work, shelter and food.
हमें वह हिम्मत जुटानी होगी, वह इच्छाशक्ति ढूंढनी होगी, और वह सब करना होगा जो अमेरिका में जाति के इतिहास और उसके चक्र को हमेशा के लिए खत्म करने वाले एक वास्तविक परिवर्तनकारी आंदोलन को खड़ा करने के लिए जरूरी है।
We must muster the courage, we must find the will, we must do what is necessary to build a truly transformative movement that will end the history and cycle of caste in America.
We must muster the courage, we must find the will, we must do what is necessary to build a truly transformative movement that will end the history and cycle of caste in America.
हम मूर्खतापूर्ण सोच में हैं अगर हमें लगता है कि हम बड़े पैमाने पर लोगों को जेल भेजने के इस दौर को तब तक खत्म कर पाएंगे जब तक हम इस कड़वी सच्चाई का सामना करने को तैयार नहीं होते कि गरीब लोगों का एक बहुत बड़ा हिस्सा तब तक बेरोजगार और मुख्यधारा की अर्थव्यवस्था से बाहर रहेगा, जब तक उन्हें ऐसी गुणवत्तापूर्ण शिक्षा नहीं मिलती जो उन्हें नई अर्थव्यवस्था के लिए अच्छी तरह तैयार कर सके। दोनों आंदोलनों के बीच और अधिक तालमेल होना चाहिए और हर समुदाय के पैरोकारों के काम के प्रति गहरी सराहना होनी चाहिए। यह एक ऐसा आंदोलन होना चाहिए जो जेलों के बजाय शिक्षा के बारे में हो - जेलखानों के बजाय रोजगार के बारे में हो।
We're foolish if we think we're going to end mass incarceration unless we are willing to deal with the reality that huge percentages of poor people are going to remain jobless, locked out of the mainstream economy, unless and until they have a quality education that prepares them well for the new economy. There has got to be much more collaboration between the two movements and a greater appreciation for the work of the advocates in each community. It's got to be a movement that's about education, not incarceration - about jobs, not jails.
We're foolish if we think we're going to end mass incarceration unless we are willing to deal with the reality that huge percentages of poor people are going to remain jobless, locked out of the mainstream economy, unless and until they have a quality education that prepares them well for the new economy. There has got to be much more collaboration between the two movements and a greater appreciation for the work of the advocates in each community. It's got to be a movement that's about education, not incarceration - about jobs, not jails.
हम एक ऐसे दौर में जी रहे हैं जहाँ नागरिक अधिकारों और सामाजिक न्याय के तमाम संगठन ऐसे वकीलों और नीति-निर्माताओं द्वारा चलाए जा रहे हैं जो अक्सर उन समुदायों से पूरी तरह कटे होते हैं जिनका वे प्रतिनिधित्व करने का दावा करते हैं।
We're living in a time when so many of the civil rights and social justice organizations are run by lawyers and policy people who are often very disconnected from the communities they claim to represent.
We're living in a time when so many of the civil rights and social justice organizations are run by lawyers and policy people who are often very disconnected from the communities they claim to represent.
हम कभी भी हाथ खड़े करके उन गोरे लड़कों से यह नहीं कहेंगे - खैर, कोई बात नहीं, अगर तुमने 18 साल की उम्र में मारिजुआना से दूरी बनाए रखी होती या अपने दोस्तों को ड्रग्स नहीं बेची होती, तो आज तुम्हें जेल में उम्रकैद की सजा नहीं भुगतनी पड़ रही होती। तुम्हें नौकरियों से बाहर नहीं किया जाता और तुम मैकडॉनल्ड्स में भी काम पाने के काबिल होते। नहीं, इसके बजाय हम कहेंगे, "एक राष्ट्र के रूप में हमारे अंदर क्या कमी है कि हम अपने इतने सारे युवाओं को सिर्फ इसलिए गरीबी, बहिष्कार और तिरस्कार से भरी जिंदगी जीने के लिए मजबूर कर रहे हैं क्योंकि उन्होंने अपनी जवानी में कुछ गलतियां कर दी थीं?"
We would never throw up our hands and say to those white boys - well, too bad, if you had just stayed away from marijuana or not dealt dope to your friends when you were 18 you wouldn't be serving a life sentence in prison right now. You wouldn't be locked out of jobs, unable to even get work at McDonalds. No, instead we'd say, "What's wrong with us as a nation that we would condemn so many of our young men to a life of poverty, exclusion, and scorn simply because they made a few mistakes in their youth?".
We would never throw up our hands and say to those white boys - well, too bad, if you had just stayed away from marijuana or not dealt dope to your friends when you were 18 you wouldn't be serving a life sentence in prison right now. You wouldn't be locked out of jobs, unable to even get work at McDonalds. No, instead we'd say, "What's wrong with us as a nation that we would condemn so many of our young men to a life of poverty, exclusion, and scorn simply because they made a few mistakes in their youth?".
जेल से रिहा होने वाले लोगों से आखिर क्या उम्मीद की जाती है? उनके जीवित रहने की क्या उम्मीद की जाती है? उन्हें नौकरी मिल नहीं सकती, रहने के लिए घर नहीं मिल सकता, और यहाँ तक कि फूड स्टाम्प भी उनकी पहुँच से बाहर हो सकते हैं। खैर, जाहिर तौर पर हम उनसे यही उम्मीद करते हैं कि वे फीस, जुर्माने, अदालती खर्च और बकाया चाइल्ड सपोर्ट (जो आपके जेल में रहने के दौरान भी बढ़ता रहता है) के रूप में सैकड़ों या हजारों डॉलर चुकाएं।
What are people released from prison expected to do? How are they expected to survive? Can't get a job, locked out of housing, and even food stamps may be off limits. Well, apparently what we expect them to do is to pay hundreds or thousands of dollars in fees, fines, court costs, and back child support (which continues to accrue while you are in prison).
What are people released from prison expected to do? How are they expected to survive? Can't get a job, locked out of housing, and even food stamps may be off limits. Well, apparently what we expect them to do is to pay hundreds or thousands of dollars in fees, fines, court costs, and back child support (which continues to accrue while you are in prison).
इस व्यवस्था के पैरोकार आमतौर पर जिस बात को स्वीकार करने में विफल रहते हैं, वह यह है कि राज्य की जेलों में हिंसक अपराधियों का प्रतिशत काफी बड़ा होने का कारण यह है कि उन्हें आमतौर पर गैर-हिंसक अपराधियों की तुलना में लंबी सजा मिलती है।
What defenders of the system typically fail to acknowledge is that the reason violent offenders comprise a fairly large percentage of the state prison population is because they typically receive longer sentences than non-violent offenders.
What defenders of the system typically fail to acknowledge is that the reason violent offenders comprise a fairly large percentage of the state prison population is because they typically receive longer sentences than non-violent offenders.
यह व्यवस्था आखिर क्या करने के लिए बनाई गई लगती है? जहाँ तक मैं समझती हूँ, यह लोगों को वापस सीधे जेल भेजने के लिए बनाई गई है, और लगभग 70% मामलों में यही होता है।
What does this system seem designed to do? As I see it, it seems designed to send people right back to prison, which is what happens about 70% of the time.
What does this system seem designed to do? As I see it, it seems designed to send people right back to prison, which is what happens about 70% of the time.
जिम क्रो कानूनों के पतन के बाद से जो बदलाव आया है, उसका संबंध हमारे समाज की मूल संरचना से कम है और उस भाषा से अधिक है जिसका इस्तेमाल हम इसे सही ठहराने के लिए करते हैं। रंगभेद-हीनता (कलरब्लाइंडनेस) के इस दौर में, भेदभाव, बहिष्कार और सामाजिक तिरस्कार को सही ठहराने के लिए नस्ल का खुलकर इस्तेमाल करना अब सामाजिक रूप से स्वीकार्य नहीं है। इसलिए हम ऐसा नहीं करते। नस्ल का सहारा लेने के बजाय, हम अपनी आपराधिक न्याय प्रणाली का इस्तेमाल रंगीन चमड़ी के लोगों को "अपराधी" करार देने के लिए करते हैं और फिर उन तमाम तौर-तरीकों को अपनाते हैं जिन्हें हम कथित तौर पर पीछे छोड़ आए हैं।
What has changed since the collapse of Jim Crow has less to do with the basic structure of our society than with the language we use to justify it. In the era of colorblindness, it is no longer socially permissible to use race, explicitly, as a justification for discrimination, exclusion, and social contempt. So we don't. Rather than rely on race, we use our criminal justice system to label people of color "criminals" and then engage in all the practices we supposedly left behind.
What has changed since the collapse of Jim Crow has less to do with the basic structure of our society than with the language we use to justify it. In the era of colorblindness, it is no longer socially permissible to use race, explicitly, as a justification for discrimination, exclusion, and social contempt. So we don't. Rather than rely on race, we use our criminal justice system to label people of color "criminals" and then engage in all the practices we supposedly left behind.
जब अश्वेत युवा एक निश्चित उम्र में पहुंचते हैं - चाहे उनके परिवारों में कोई जेल गया हो या नहीं - वे खुद पुलिस की पूछताछ, तलाशी और रोक-टोक का निशाना बनते हैं, और अक्सर इसकी कोई और वजह नहीं होती सिवाय उनकी नस्ल के। और जाहिर है, उत्पीड़न का यह स्तर उन्हें कम उम्र में ही एक संदेश देता है: चाहे आप कोई भी हों या कुछ भी करें, आप किसी न किसी तरह सलाखों के पीछे ही पहुंचेंगे। यह इस बात को और पुख्ता करता है कि जेल उनकी नियति का हिस्सा है, न कि किसी व्यक्ति द्वारा खुद चुना गया रास्ता।
When young black men reach a certain age - whether or not there is incarceration in their families - they themselves are the target of police stops, interrogations, frisks, often for no reason other than their race. And, of course, this level of harassment sends a message to them, often at an early age: No matter who you are or what you do, you're going to find yourself behind bars one way or the other. This reinforces the sense that prison is part of their destiny, rather than a choice one makes.
When young black men reach a certain age - whether or not there is incarceration in their families - they themselves are the target of police stops, interrogations, frisks, often for no reason other than their race. And, of course, this level of harassment sends a message to them, often at an early age: No matter who you are or what you do, you're going to find yourself behind bars one way or the other. This reinforces the sense that prison is part of their destiny, rather than a choice one makes.
फिर भी इस युद्ध में कानून प्रवर्तन एजेंसियों पर कोई सार्थक लगाम लगाने के बजाय, अमेरिकी सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने पुलिस को लगभग किसी भी व्यक्ति को, किसी भी सार्वजनिक स्थान पर, बिना किसी आपराधिक गतिविधि के एक भी सबूत के, रोकने और तलाशी लेने की खुली छूट दे दिया है, और उसने न्यायिक प्रक्रिया के हर चरण में - रोक-टोक और तलाशी से लेकर प्ली बार्गेनिंग और सजा सुनाए जाने तक - नस्लीय पक्षपात के दावों के लिए अदालत के दरवाजे भी बंद कर दिए हैं।
Yet far from putting any meaningful constraints on law enforcement in this war, the U.S. Supreme Court has given the police license to stop and search just about anyone, in any public place, without a shred of evidence of criminal activity, and it has also closed the courthouse doors to claims of racial bias at every stage of the judicial process from stops and searches to plea bargaining and sentencing.
Yet far from putting any meaningful constraints on law enforcement in this war, the U.S. Supreme Court has given the police license to stop and search just about anyone, in any public place, without a shred of evidence of criminal activity, and it has also closed the courthouse doors to claims of racial bias at every stage of the judicial process from stops and searches to plea bargaining and sentencing.