Profile · Classification

Religious Status Religious
Religious Affiliation Christianity
Belief in God Believes in God
Category Philosopher
Confidence
99%
Subcategories
Scientist Mathematician Writer
Themes
Rationalism Epistemology Early modern science

मैं सोचता हूँ, इसलिए मैं अस्तित्व में हूँ।

I think; therefore I am.

I think; therefore I am.

मेरे लिए हर चीज़ गणितीय बन जाती है।

Omnia apud me mathematica fiunt.

Omnia apud me mathematica fiunt.

मैं केवल यह जानता हूँ कि मैं कुछ नहीं जानता।

The only thing that I know, is that I know nothing

The only thing that I know, is that I know nothing

जब भी किसी ने मेरा अपमान किया है, मैंने अपनी आत्मा को इतना ऊंचा उठाने का प्रयास किया है कि वह अपमान उस तक पहुँच ही न सके।

Whenever anyone has offended me, I try to raise my soul so high that the offense cannot reach it.

Whenever anyone has offended me, I try to raise my soul so high that the offense cannot reach it.

'ईश्वर' से मेरा तात्पर्य उस अनंत, स्वतंत्र, परम ज्ञानी और परम शक्तिशाली सत्ता से है, जिसने मुझ समेत इस ब्रह्मांड की हर चीज़ की रचना की है [...]। ये सभी गुण ऐसे हैं कि जितनी गहराई से मैं इनके बारे में सोचता हूँ, उतना ही असंभव यह लगता है कि इनकी उत्पत्ति अकेले मुझसे हुई होगी। इसलिए, अब तक कही गई बातों से यही निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि ईश्वर का अस्तित्व अनिवार्य रूप से मौजूद है।

By 'God', I understand, a substance which is infinite, independent, supremely intelligent, supremely powerful, and which created both myself and everything else [...] that exists. All these attributes are such that, the more carefully I concentrate on them, the less possible it seems that they could have originated from me alone. So, from what has been said it must be concluded that God necessarily exists.

By 'God', I understand, a substance which is infinite, independent, supremely intelligent, supremely powerful, and which created both myself and everything else [...] that exists. All these attributes are such that, the more carefully I concentrate on them, the less possible it seems that they could have originated from me alone. So, from what has been said it must be concluded that God necessarily exists.

किसी भी समस्या को हल करने के लिए, उसे अपनी ज़रूरत और सुविधा के अनुसार जितने संभव हो उतने छोटे-छोटे हिस्सों में बाँट लें।

Divide each difficulty into as many parts as is feasible and necessary to resolve it.

Divide each difficulty into as many parts as is feasible and necessary to resolve it.

एक आशावादी को भले ही वहाँ भी रोशनी दिख जाए जहाँ अंधकार हो, पर एक निराशावादी हमेशा उसे बुझाने के लिए क्यों दौड़ पड़ता है?

An optimist may see a light where there is none, but why must the pessimist always run to blow it out?

An optimist may see a light where there is none, but why must the pessimist always run to blow it out?

मैं जानता हूँ कि मेरा अस्तित्व है; सवाल यह है कि यह 'मैं' जिसे मैं जानता हूँ, असल में क्या है।

I know that I exist; the question is, What is this 'I' that 'I' know.

I know that I exist; the question is, What is this 'I' that 'I' know.

अच्छी पुस्तकों को पढ़ना, पिछली सदियों के महानतम विचारकों के साथ संवाद करने जैसा है।

The reading of all good books is like a conversation with the finest minds of past centuries.

The reading of all good books is like a conversation with the finest minds of past centuries.

आप कैसे कह सकते हैं कि आपकी पूरी ज़िंदगी महज़ एक सपना नहीं है?

How can you be certain that your whole life is not a dream?

How can you be certain that your whole life is not a dream?

मानवी भूलों का सबसे बड़ा कारण वे पूर्वाग्रह हैं जो हमें बचपन से ही विरासत में मिल जाते हैं।

The chief cause of human errors is to be found in the prejudices picked up in childhood.

The chief cause of human errors is to be found in the prejudices picked up in childhood.

मैं शांति से जीना चाहता हूँ और 'गुमनामी में जीना ही बेहतर जीना है' के मूलमंत्र के साथ अपनी जीवनयात्रा को आगे बढ़ाना चाहता हूँ।

I desire to live in peace and to continue the life I have begun under the motto 'to live well you must live unseen

I desire to live in peace and to continue the life I have begun under the motto 'to live well you must live unseen

मैं हर चीज़ पर संदेह कर सकता हूँ, सिवाय एक बात के—और वह है मेरा यह संदेह करना। सीधी सी बात है—मैं सोचता हूँ, इसलिए मैं हूँ।

I can doubt everything, except one thing, and that is the very fact that I doubt. Simply put - I think, therefore I am

I can doubt everything, except one thing, and that is the very fact that I doubt. Simply put - I think, therefore I am

शून्य से कुछ भी पैदा नहीं होता।

Nothing comes out of nothing.

Nothing comes out of nothing.

हम किसी चीज़ को कभी भी उतने अच्छे से नहीं समझ पाते और न ही वह हमारी अपनी बनती है, जब तक कि हम उसे खुद अपने दम पर न खोज लें।

We never understand a thing so well,and make it our own, as when we have discovered it for ourselves.

We never understand a thing so well,and make it our own, as when we have discovered it for ourselves.

मेरे द्वारा हल किया गया हर एक सवाल आगे चलकर एक ऐसा नियम बन गया, जो भविष्य में अन्य समस्याओं को सुलझाने के काम आया।

Each problem that I solved became a rule, which served afterwards to solve other problems.

Each problem that I solved became a rule, which served afterwards to solve other problems.

बुद्धि को विकसित करने के लिए हमें चीज़ों को रटने के बजाय उनके बारे में गहराई से सोचना चाहिए।

In order to improve the mind, we ought less to learn, than to contemplate.

In order to improve the mind, we ought less to learn, than to contemplate.

बस आगे बढ़ते रहिए। बस प्रयास करते रहिए। मैंने वे सारी गलतियाँ की जो हो सकती थीं, पर मैंने हार नहीं मानी और बस आगे बढ़ता रहा।

You just keep pushing. You just keep pushing. I made every mistake that could be made. But I just kept pushing.

You just keep pushing. You just keep pushing. I made every mistake that could be made. But I just kept pushing.

कुछ साल पहले मुझे इस बात का अहसास हुआ कि बचपन में मैंने कितनी सारी झूठ और बेबुनियाद बातों को सच मान लिया था, और बाद में उसी की बुनियाद पर पूरी इमारत खड़ी कर दी थी जो बेहद संदिग्ध थी। मुझे समझ आया कि अगर मुझे विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में कुछ ऐसा ठोस और स्थायी बनाना है जो टिक सके, तो जीवन में एक बार सब कुछ पूरी तरह से ढाहकर बिल्कुल बुनियादी स्तर से शुरुआत करना ज़रूरी है।

Some years ago I was struck by the large number of falsehoods that I had accepted as true in my childhood, and by the highly doubtful nature of the whole edifice that I had subsequently based on them. I realized that it was necessary, once in the course of my life, to demolish everything completely and start again right from the foundations if I wanted to establish anything at all in the sciences that was stable and likely to last.

Some years ago I was struck by the large number of falsehoods that I had accepted as true in my childhood, and by the highly doubtful nature of the whole edifice that I had subsequently based on them. I realized that it was necessary, once in the course of my life, to demolish everything completely and start again right from the foundations if I wanted to establish anything at all in the sciences that was stable and likely to last.

सत्य से पुरानी कोई चीज़ नहीं है।

There is nothing more ancient than the truth.

There is nothing more ancient than the truth.

कल्पना के बिना तर्क अधूरा है।

Reason is nothing without imagination.

Reason is nothing without imagination.

सामान्य बुद्धि या विवेक इस दुनिया में सबसे निष्पक्ष रूप से बंटी हुई चीज़ है, क्योंकि हर इंसान यही मानता है कि उसके पास इसकी कोई कमी नहीं है।

Common sense is the most widely shared commodity in the world, for every man is convinced that he is well supplied with it.

Common sense is the most widely shared commodity in the world, for every man is convinced that he is well supplied with it.

जिज्ञासा या विस्मय सभी भावनाओं में सबसे पहली है।

Wonder is the first of all the passions.

Wonder is the first of all the passions.

यह मुमकिन है कि मैं इस वक्त भी सपना देख रहा हूँ और मेरी सारी अनुभूतियाँ झूठी हैं।

It is possible that I am dreaming right now and that all of my perceptions are false.

It is possible that I am dreaming right now and that all of my perceptions are false.

हमारे अपने विचारों के अलावा इस दुनिया में कुछ भी पूरी तरह हमारे वश में नहीं है।

Except our own thoughts, there is nothing absolutely in our power.

Except our own thoughts, there is nothing absolutely in our power.

इंद्रियाँ समय-समय पर धोखा देती हैं, और समझदारी इसी में है कि जो इंसान या चीज़ हमें एक बार भी धोखा दे चुकी हो, उस पर कभी पूरी तरह भरोसा न करें।

The senses deceive from time to time, and it is prudent never to trust wholly those who have deceived us even once.

The senses deceive from time to time, and it is prudent never to trust wholly those who have deceived us even once.

जिसने छुपकर जीना सीख लिया, उसने बेहतरीन जीवन जी लिया।

He who hid well, lived well.

He who hid well, lived well.

मानव जाति द्वारा हमें सौंपे गए ज्ञान के उपकरणों में गणित सबसे शक्तिशाली माध्यम है।

Mathematics is a more powerful instrument of knowledge than any other that has been bequeathed to us by human agency.

Mathematics is a more powerful instrument of knowledge than any other that has been bequeathed to us by human agency.

महानतम दिमाग़ जितने बड़े गुणों के धनी हो सकते हैं, वे उतने ही बड़े अवगुणों या बुराइयों के भी शिकार हो सकते हैं।

The greatest minds are capable of the greatest vices as well as of the greatest virtues.

The greatest minds are capable of the greatest vices as well as of the greatest virtues.

मैंने ईश्वर के स्पष्ट अस्तित्व को स्वीकार कर लिया है और यह भी कि जीवन के हर पल में मेरा वजूद पूरी तरह से ईश्वर पर निर्भर है; मुझे नहीं लगता कि मानव मन इससे अधिक स्पष्ट और निश्चित रूप से किसी अन्य बात को जान सकता है।

I have concluded the evident existence of God, and that my existence depends entirely on God in all the moments of my life, that I do not think that the human spirit may know anything with greater evidence and certitude.

I have concluded the evident existence of God, and that my existence depends entirely on God in all the moments of my life, that I do not think that the human spirit may know anything with greater evidence and certitude.

हर चीज़ पर संदेह किया जाना चाहिए।

All is to be doubted.

All is to be doubted.

हर इंसान का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह दूसरों की भलाई के लिए अपनी तरफ़ से हरसंभव प्रयास करे, और जो इंसान किसी के काम न आ सके, वह पूरी तरह से बेकार है।

Every man is indeed bound to do what he can to promote the good of others, and a man who is of no use to anyone is strictly worthless.

Every man is indeed bound to do what he can to promote the good of others, and a man who is of no use to anyone is strictly worthless.

इस संसार में होने वाली हर हलचल या गति के एकमात्र रचयिता ईश्वर हैं।

God alone is the author of all the motions in the world.

God alone is the author of all the motions in the world.

वह राज्य सबसे बेहतर तरीके से शासित होता है जहाँ कानून कम से कम हों, लेकिन उनका सख्ती से पालन किया जाए।

A state is better governed which has few laws, and those laws strictly observed.

A state is better governed which has few laws, and those laws strictly observed.

आपकी खुशी ही आपका वह नकाब उतरा हुआ दुःख है। और जिस कुएं से आपकी हँसी फूटती है, अक्सर वही आपके आंसुओं से भरा होता था

Your joy is your sorrow unmasked. And the self-same well from which your laughter rises was often-times filled with your tears.

Your joy is your sorrow unmasked. And the self-same well from which your laughter rises was often-times filled with your tears.

इच्छाएं सिर्फ उन्हीं चीज़ों के लिए जागती हैं जिन्हें मुमकिन समझा जाता है।

Desire awakens only to things that are thought possible.

Desire awakens only to things that are thought possible.

ईश्वर में अनगिनت ऐसी बातें हैं जिन्हें न तो मैं समझ सकता हूँ और न ही सोच के सहारे उन तक पहुँच सकता हूँ; क्योंकि अनंत का स्वभाव ऐसा है कि मेरी सीमित और छोटी समझ उसे कभी पूरी तरह नहीं समझ सकती।

In God there is an infinitude of things which I cannot comprehend, nor possibly even reach in any way by thought; for it is the nature of the infinite that my nature, which is finite and limited, should not comprehend it.

In God there is an infinitude of things which I cannot comprehend, nor possibly even reach in any way by thought; for it is the nature of the infinite that my nature, which is finite and limited, should not comprehend it.

दर्शनशास्त्र के बिना जीना असल में आँखें बंद करके उन्हें कभी न खोलने की ज़िद करने जैसा है।

To live without philosophizing is in truth the same as keeping the eyes closed without attempting to open them.

To live without philosophizing is in truth the same as keeping the eyes closed without attempting to open them.

मैं इस बात से पूरी तरह आश्वस्त था कि हमारे विश्वास किसी पक्के ज्ञान से ज़्यादा रीति-रिवाजों और उदाहरणों पर टिके होते हैं।

I was convinced that our beliefs are based much more on custom and example than on any certain knowledge.

I was convinced that our beliefs are based much more on custom and example than on any certain knowledge.

...यह बात बिल्कुल तय है कि मैं अपने शरीर से पूरी तरह अलग हूँ और उसके बिना भी अस्तित्व में रह सकता हूँ।

...it is certain that I am really distinct from my body, and can exist without it.

...it is certain that I am really distinct from my body, and can exist without it.

और जैसा कि सबसे उदार दिलों में सबसे ज़्यादा कृतज्ञता होती है, वैसे ही जो लोग सबसे ज़्यादा घमंडी, कमज़ोर और नीच स्वभाव के होते हैं, वही सबसे जल्दी गुस्से और नफ़रत के बहकावे में आ जाते हैं।

And as it is the most generous souls who have most gratitude, it is those who have most pride, and who are most base and infirm, who most allow themselves to be carried away by anger and hatred.

And as it is the most generous souls who have most gratitude, it is those who have most pride, and who are most base and infirm, who most allow themselves to be carried away by anger and hatred.

विज्ञान एक व्यावहारिक दर्शन है।

Science is practical philosophy.

Science is practical philosophy.

सामान्य समझ से ज़्यादा निष्पक्ष रूप से बंटी हुई कोई और चीज़ नहीं है: हर किसी को लगता है कि उसके पास जितनी है, उतनी काफ़ी है।

Nothing is more fairly distributed than common sense: no one thinks he needs more of it than he already has.

Nothing is more fairly distributed than common sense: no one thinks he needs more of it than he already has.

लेकिन मुमकिन है कि मैं खुद को जितना समझता हूँ, उससे कहीं बढ़कर हूँ।

But possibly I am something more than I suppose myself to be.

But possibly I am something more than I suppose myself to be.

वही इंसान अच्छे से जीता है जो छिपकर यानी सादगी और सुकून से रहता है।

He lives well who is well hidden.

He lives well who is well hidden.

यदि मैं उन मामलों में अपनी राय देने से बचूँ जहाँ मुझे सच्चाई पूरी साफ़ और स्पष्ट दिखाई नहीं देती, तो यह साफ़ है कि मैं बिल्कुल सही कर रहा हूँ और गलती से बच रहा हूँ।

If I simply refrain from making a judgment in cases where I do not perceive the truth with sufficient clarity and distinctness, then it is clear that I am behaving correctly and avoiding error.

If I simply refrain from making a judgment in cases where I do not perceive the truth with sufficient clarity and distinctness, then it is clear that I am behaving correctly and avoiding error.

इस पर गहराई से विचार करने और इसके परिणामों को टटोलने से पहले, मैं कुछ पल ईश्वर के ध्यान में बिताना चाहता हूँ, अपने भीतर उनके गुणों को महसूस करना चाहता हूँ, और अपनी धुंधली दृष्टि के हिसाब से उनके असीम प्रकाश की सुंदरता को देखना, उसकी सराहना करना और उसके आगे नतमस्तक होना चाहता हूँ। यह मानते हुए कि परलोक की परम सुख-शांति पूरी तरह से ईश्वर की महानता के ध्यान में ही निहित है, मैं अब यह पाता हूँ कि इसी तरह के थोड़े कम संपूर्ण ध्यान के ज़रिए भी मैं इस जीवन का सबसे बड़ा आनंद पा सकता हूँ।

Before examining this more carefully and investigating its consequences, I want to dwell for a moment in the contemplation of God, to ponder His attributes in me, to see, admire, and adore the beauty of His boundless light, insofar as my clouded insight allows. Believing that the supreme happiness of the other life consists wholly of the contemplation of divine greatness, I now find that through less perfect contemplation of the same sort I can gain the greatest joy available in this life.

Before examining this more carefully and investigating its consequences, I want to dwell for a moment in the contemplation of God, to ponder His attributes in me, to see, admire, and adore the beauty of His boundless light, insofar as my clouded insight allows. Believing that the supreme happiness of the other life consists wholly of the contemplation of divine greatness, I now find that through less perfect contemplation of the same sort I can gain the greatest joy available in this life.

सहज ज्ञान आत्मा का वह प्रकाश है, जिससे वह ईश्वर के उजाले में उन चीज़ों को देखता है जिन्हें ईश्वर अपनी दिव्य स्पष्टता के सीधे प्रभाव से हम तक पहुँचाना चाहता हूँ।

Intuitive knowledge is an illumination of the soul, whereby it beholds in the light of God those things which it pleases Him to reveal to us by a direct impression of divine clearness.

Intuitive knowledge is an illumination of the soul, whereby it beholds in the light of God those things which it pleases Him to reveal to us by a direct impression of divine clearness.

आख़िरकार अब मैं बिना किसी शर्त के पूरी ईमानदारी से अपने पुराने विचारों को जड़ से उखाड़ फेंकने में जुट जाऊँगा।

At last I will devote myself sincerely and without reservation to the general demolition of my opinions.

At last I will devote myself sincerely and without reservation to the general demolition of my opinions.

जब मैं यह सोचता हूँ कि मेरा मन कितना कमज़ोर है और गलतियों के कितनी जल्दी झांसे में आ जाता है, तो मुझे सचमुच हैरानी होती है।

I am indeed amazed when I consider how weak my mind is and how prone to error.

I am indeed amazed when I consider how weak my mind is and how prone to error.

सच्चाई की तलाश करने वाले लोग बहुत कम हैं; ज़्यादातर लोग तो बस सबसे बेहतरीन तर्कों को अकड़ के साथ चुनौती देकर खुद को बहुत ज्ञानी साबित करने में लगे रहते हैं।

Few look for truth; many prowl about for a reputation of profundity by arrogantly challenging whichever arguments are the best.

Few look for truth; many prowl about for a reputation of profundity by arrogantly challenging whichever arguments are the best.

हर चीज़ अपने आप में बिल्कुल स्पष्ट है।

Everything is self-evident.

Everything is self-evident.

न तो ईश्वर की कृपा और न ही कुदरती ज्ञान कभी हमारी आज़ादी को कम करते हैं।

Neither divine grace nor natural knowledge ever diminishes freedom.

Neither divine grace nor natural knowledge ever diminishes freedom.

जीवन में कई बार ऐसा वक़्त आता है जब इंतज़ार करने की गुंजाइश नहीं होती; और जब हम यह तय नहीं कर पाते कि कौन सा रास्ता सबसे बेहतरीन है, तो हमें उस रास्ते पर चलना चाहिए जो सबसे बेहतर प्रतीत होता हो। इस सोच ने मुझे उन कमज़ोर और दुविधा में रहने वाले लोगों के पछतावे से भी आज़ाद कर दिया, जो हमेशा उन चीज़ों के पीछे भागते रहते हैं जिन्हें वे बाद में खुद ही बेकार मान बैठते हैं।

Situations in life often permit no delay; and when we cannot determine the course which is certainly best, we must follow the one which is probably the best. This frame of mind freed me also from the repentance and remorse commonly felt by those vacillating individuals who are always seeking as worthwhile things which they later judge to be bad.

Situations in life often permit no delay; and when we cannot determine the course which is certainly best, we must follow the one which is probably the best. This frame of mind freed me also from the repentance and remorse commonly felt by those vacillating individuals who are always seeking as worthwhile things which they later judge to be bad.

सहज ज्ञान किसी शांत और एकाग्र मन का वह अटूट विश्वास है, जो केवल तर्क के प्रकाश से पैदा होता है और किसी भी तार्किक निष्कर्ष से कहीं ज़्यादा पक्का होता है।

Intuition is the undoubting conception of a pure and attentive mind, which arises from the light of reason alone, and is more certain than deduction.

Intuition is the undoubting conception of a pure and attentive mind, which arises from the light of reason alone, and is more certain than deduction.

मुझे विस्तार और गति दे दीजिए, और मैं पूरा ब्रह्मांड रच दूंगा।

Give me extension and motion and I will construct the universe.

Give me extension and motion and I will construct the universe.

लेकिन मेरी राय में, प्रकृति की हर घटना गणित के नियमों के हिसाब से होती है।

But in my opinion, all things in nature occur mathematically.

But in my opinion, all things in nature occur mathematically.

अब तक मैं इस दुनिया रूपी रंगमंच पर सिर्फ एक दर्शक था, लेकिन अब मैं मंच पर कदम रखने जा रहा हूँ, और चेहरा छुपाए हुए सबके सामने आ रहा हूँ।

So far, I have been a spectator in this theater which is the world, but I am now about to mount the stage, and I come forward masked.

So far, I have been a spectator in this theater which is the world, but I am now about to mount the stage, and I come forward masked.

सच्चाई की बहुत बड़ी खोज में न निकलना ही बेहतर है, यह आपको सिर्फ दुखी ही करेगी

It is best not to go on for great quest for truth , it will only make you miserable

It is best not to go on for great quest for truth , it will only make you miserable

पूर्ण संख्याएँ और पूर्ण इंसान दोनों ही बहुत दुर्लभ हैं।

Perfect numbers like perfect men are very rare.

Perfect numbers like perfect men are very rare.

अच्छी किताबों को पढ़ना असल में पिछली सदियों के उन महान लेखकों के साथ बातचीत करने जैसा है जिन्होंने उन्हें लिखा है, बल्कि यह एक ऐसी गहरी और सोची-समरी बातचीत है जिसमें वे हमारे सामने अपने केवल सबसे बेहतरीन विचार ही रखते हैं।

The reading of all good books is indeed like a conversation with the noblest men of past centuries who were the authors of them, nay a carefully studied conversation, in which they reveal to us none but the best of their thoughts.

The reading of all good books is indeed like a conversation with the noblest men of past centuries who were the authors of them, nay a carefully studied conversation, in which they reveal to us none but the best of their thoughts.

बुरी किताबें बुरी आदतें पैदा करती हैं, लेकिन बुरी आदतें ही अच्छी किताबों को जन्म देती हैं।

Bad books engender bad habits, but bad habits engender good books.

Bad books engender bad habits, but bad habits engender good books.

मेरा तीसरा नियम यह था कि भाग्य के आगे हार मानने के बजाय हमेशा खुद पर जीत हासिल करने की कोशिश करूँ, दुनिया के नियमों को बदलने के बजाय अपनी इच्छाओं को बदलूँ, और खुद को इस बात का आदी बनाऊँ कि केवल हमारे विचार ही पूरी तरह हमारे वश में हैं; ताकि बाहरी चीज़ों के मामले में अपनी पूरी कोशिश करने के बाद, जो चीज़ें हमें न मिल सकें, उन्हें हम अपने लिए पूरी तरह असंभव मान लें।

My third maxim was to try always to conquer myself rather than fortune, and to change my desires rather than the order of the world, and generally to accustom myself to believing that there is nothing entirely in our power except our thoughts, so that after we have done our best regarding things external to us, everything in which we do not succeed is for us absolutely impossible.

My third maxim was to try always to conquer myself rather than fortune, and to change my desires rather than the order of the world, and generally to accustom myself to believing that there is nothing entirely in our power except our thoughts, so that after we have done our best regarding things external to us, everything in which we do not succeed is for us absolutely impossible.

यात्रा करना लगभग वैसा ही है जैसे किसी दूसरे दौर के लोगों से बातें करना।

Travelling is almost like talking with those of other centuries.

Travelling is almost like talking with those of other centuries.

अपने सामने आने वाली हर बड़ी समस्या को छोटे-छोटे और जितने संभव हो सके उतने टुकड़ों में बाँट लीजिए, ताकि उन्हें आसानी से हल किया जा सके।

Divide each difficulty at hand into as many pieces as possible and as could be required to better solve them.

Divide each difficulty at hand into as many pieces as possible and as could be required to better solve them.

इसलिए मैं यह मानकर चलता हूँ कि जो कुछ भी मैं देखता हूँ वह सब एक भ्रम है; मेरी यह झूठी याददाश्त मुझे जो कुछ भी बताती है, मैं उस पर विश्वास नहीं करता। मुझे लगता है कि मेरी कोई इंद्रियाँ ही नहीं हैं। शरीर, रूप, आकार, गति और स्थान—ये सब बस कल्पना की बातें हैं। फिर भला क्या सच माना जा सकता है? शायद केवल यही एक बात कि कुछ भी निश्चित नहीं है।

I suppose therefore that all things I see are illusions; I believe that nothing has ever existed of everything my lying memory tells me. I think I have no senses. I believe that body, shape, extension, motion, location are functions. What is there then that can be taken as true? Perhaps only this one thing, that nothing at all is certain.

I suppose therefore that all things I see are illusions; I believe that nothing has ever existed of everything my lying memory tells me. I think I have no senses. I believe that body, shape, extension, motion, location are functions. What is there then that can be taken as true? Perhaps only this one thing, that nothing at all is certain.

केवल एक ही ज्ञान पूरी तरह सुरक्षित और निश्चित है—और वह यह कि मेरा अपना अस्तित्व है।

The only secure knowledge is that I exist.

The only secure knowledge is that I exist.

दर्शनशास्त्र में, जब हम गलत सिद्धांतों का सहारा लेते हैं, तो हम जितना अधिक उन्हें सँवारते हैं और उनसे तरह-तरह के निष्कर्ष निकालने की कोशिश यह सोचकर करते हैं कि हम सही दर्शन कर रहे हैं, असल में हम सच्चाई से उतने ही दूर होते चले जाते हैं। इससे यह निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि दर्शनशास्त्र के नाम पर अब तक जो कुछ भी पढ़ाया गया है, जो इंसान उसके बारे में सबसे कम जानता है, वह सच्चाई को सबसे बेहतर तरीके से समझ सकता है।

In philosophy, when we make use of false principles, we depart the farther from the knowledge of truth and wisdom exactly in proportion to the care with which we cultivate them, and apply ourselves to the deduction of diverse consequences from them, thinking that we are philosophizing well, while we are only departing the farther from the truth; from which it must be inferred that they who have learned the least of all that has been hitherto distinguished by the name of philosophy are the most fitted for the apprehension of truth.

In philosophy, when we make use of false principles, we depart the farther from the knowledge of truth and wisdom exactly in proportion to the care with which we cultivate them, and apply ourselves to the deduction of diverse consequences from them, thinking that we are philosophizing well, while we are only departing the farther from the truth; from which it must be inferred that they who have learned the least of all that has been hitherto distinguished by the name of philosophy are the most fitted for the apprehension of truth.

यह बहकाने और लुभाने वाला वही जाना-पहचाना प्यार-नफ़रत का खेल है: "मुझे इस बात से कोई फ़र्क नहीं पड़ता कि मैं क्या कह रहा हूँ, मुझे बस इससे मतलब है कि तुम्हें वह पसंद आए।"

It's the familiar love-hate syndrome of seduction: "I don't really care what it is I say, I care only that you like it."

It's the familiar love-hate syndrome of seduction: "I don't really care what it is I say, I care only that you like it."

महानतम दिमागों में सबसे बेहतरीन चीजें पैदा करने की क्षमता होती है, लेकिन साथ ही वे सबसे बड़ी भूलों के प्रति भी उतने ही संवेदनशील होते हैं। और जो लोग सीधी सड़क पर हमेशा चलते रहते हैं, वे बहुत धीमी गति से चलकर भी उन लोगों से बहुत आगे पहुँच जाते हैं जो दौड़ते तो हैं लेकिन रास्ता भटक जाते हैं।

The greatest minds, as they are capable of the highest excellencies, are open likewise to the greatest aberrations; and those who travel very slowly may yet make far greater progress, provided they keep always to the straight road, than those who, while they run, forsake it.

The greatest minds, as they are capable of the highest excellencies, are open likewise to the greatest aberrations; and those who travel very slowly may yet make far greater progress, provided they keep always to the straight road, than those who, while they run, forsake it.

चाहे कोई भी मुझे धोखा देने की कितनी भी कोशिश कर लें, वह मुझे कभी इस बात से मिटा नहीं सकता कि मेरा कोई वजूद नहीं है, जब तक कि मैं यह सोचता रहूँ कि मैं कुछ हूँ।

Let whoever can do so deceive me, he will never bring it about that I am nothing, so long as I continue to think I am something.

Let whoever can do so deceive me, he will never bring it about that I am nothing, so long as I continue to think I am something.

कोई भी चीज़ हमसे इतनी दूर नहीं है कि हमारी पहुँच से बाहर हो, और न ही इतनी छिपी हुई है कि हम उसे ढूँढ़ न सकें।

There is nothing so far removed from us as to be beyond our reach, or so hidden that we cannot discover it.

There is nothing so far removed from us as to be beyond our reach, or so hidden that we cannot discover it.

ज्यामिति के विद्वान अपनी सबसे कठिन समस्याओं को हल करने के लिए जिन सरल और आसान तर्कों की लंबी श्रृंखलाओं का इस्तेमाल करते हैं, उन्हें देखकर मुझे यह लगने लगा था कि इंसानी ज्ञान के दायरे में आने वाली हर चीज़ इसी तरह जुड़ी हुई है। और जब तक हम किसी ऐसी बात को सच नहीं मानते जो वास्तव में सच न हो, और चीज़ों को समझने का सही क्रम बनाए रखते हैं, तब तक कुछ भी ऐसा नहीं है जो अंततः हमारी पहुँच से बाहर हो या इतना छिपा हो कि उसे ढूँढ़ा न जा सके।

These long chains of perfectly simple and easy reasonings by means of which geometers are accustomed to carry out their most difficult demonstrations had led me to fancy that everything that can fall under human knowledge forms a similar sequence; and that so long as we avoid accepting as true what is not so, and always preserve the right order of deduction of one thing from another, there can be nothing too remote to be reached in the end, or to well hidden to be discovered.

These long chains of perfectly simple and easy reasonings by means of which geometers are accustomed to carry out their most difficult demonstrations had led me to fancy that everything that can fall under human knowledge forms a similar sequence; and that so long as we avoid accepting as true what is not so, and always preserve the right order of deduction of one thing from another, there can be nothing too remote to be reached in the end, or to well hidden to be discovered.

पहला नियम यह था कि किसी भी बात को तब तक सच नहीं मानना है, जब तक कि उसे लेकर मन में ज़रा भी शक न बचे।

The first precept was never to accept a thing as true until I knew it as such without a single doubt.

The first precept was never to accept a thing as true until I knew it as such without a single doubt.

जब मैं इस बारे में गहराई से सोचता हूँ, तो मुझे ऐसा कोई एक भी लक्षण नहीं मिलता जिससे यह पक्के तौर पर कहा जा सके कि हम जाग रहे हैं या सपना देख रहे हैं। आप इस बात से कैसे आश्वस्त हो सकते हैं कि आपकी पूरी ज़िंदगी ही एक सपना नहीं है?

When I consider this carefully, I find not a single property which with certainty separates the waking state from the dream. How can you be certain that your whole life is not a dream?

When I consider this carefully, I find not a single property which with certainty separates the waking state from the dream. How can you be certain that your whole life is not a dream?

हमारी समझ और बुद्धि की केवल दो ही मुख्य प्रक्रियाएँ हैं—अंतर्दृष्टि और तर्क, जिनके बारे में हमने कहा है कि ज्ञान पाने के लिए हमें पूरी तरह इन्हीं पर निर्भर रहना चाहिए।

The two operations of our understanding, intuition and deduction, on which alone we have said we must rely in the acquisition of knowledge.

The two operations of our understanding, intuition and deduction, on which alone we have said we must rely in the acquisition of knowledge.

मेरे लिए हर चीज़ गणित बन जाती है।

With me, everything turns into mathematics.

With me, everything turns into mathematics.

मन बिना किसी प्रयास के स्वाभाविक रूप से नए विचारों को अपना लेता है, और वे विचार तब तक अधर में लटके रहते हैं जब तक कि कोई व्यक्ति अपनी सचेत और तार्किक बुद्धि से उनकी जाँच करके उन्हें सही या गलत न ठहरा दे।

The mind effortlessly and automatically takes in new ideas, which remain in limbo until verified or rejected by conscious, rational analysis.

The mind effortlessly and automatically takes in new ideas, which remain in limbo until verified or rejected by conscious, rational analysis.

मैंने खुद को इतने सारे संदेहों और भ्रमों में घिरा पाया कि मुझे लगा, खुद को शिक्षित करने की इस कोशिश का नतीजा इसके सिवा और कुछ नहीं निकला कि मुझे अपनी अज्ञानता का दायरा और ज़्यादा बड़ा दिखाई देने लगा है।

For I found myself embarrassed with so many doubts and errors that it seemed to me that the effort to instruct myself had no effect other than th eincreasing discovery of my own ignorance

For I found myself embarrassed with so many doubts and errors that it seemed to me that the effort to instruct myself had no effect other than th eincreasing discovery of my own ignorance

संवेदनाएँ और कुछ नहीं, बल्कि विचारों के उलझे हुए रूप हैं।

Sensations are nothing but confused modes of thinking.

Sensations are nothing but confused modes of thinking.

... इस शरीर को एक ऐसी मशीन मानिए जिसे ईश्वर के हाथों से बनाया गया है, और यह इंसानों द्वारा बनाई गई किसी भी मशीन से कहीं अधिक बेहतरीन ढंग से संचालित होती है। इसमें ऐसी अद्भुत गतियाँ हैं जो किसी भी कृत्रिम यंत्र में नहीं हो सकतीं। ... व्यावहारिक रूप से यह नामुमकिन है कि किसी मशीन में इतने सारे अंग हों कि वह जीवन की हर परिस्थिति में उस तरह से काम कर सके जैसे हमारी बुद्धि हमें काम करने के लिए प्रेरित करती है।

... regard this body as a machine which, having been made by the hand of God, is incomparably better ordered than any machine that can be devised by man, and contains in itself movements more wonderful than those in any machine. ... it is for all practical purposes impossible for a machine to have enough organs to make it act in all the contingencies of life in the way in which our reason makes us act.

... regard this body as a machine which, having been made by the hand of God, is incomparably better ordered than any machine that can be devised by man, and contains in itself movements more wonderful than those in any machine. ... it is for all practical purposes impossible for a machine to have enough organs to make it act in all the contingencies of life in the way in which our reason makes us act.

भावनाओं का मुख्य प्रभाव यह होता है कि वे मन को उन कामों के लिए उकसाती हैं और तैयार करती हैं, जिनके लिए भावनाओं ने पहले ही शरीर को तैयार कर दिया था।

The principal effect of the passions is that they incite and persuade the mind to will the events for which they prepared the body.

The principal effect of the passions is that they incite and persuade the mind to will the events for which they prepared the body.

मुझे तो उस ईश्वर का आभारी होना चाहिए जिसने मुझ पर इतनी उदारता दिखाई, जबकि मुझ पर उसका कोई एहसान नहीं था; बजाय इसके कि मैं यह सोचूँ कि उसने मुझे वे चीज़ें नहीं दीं या जो नहीं दिया, उसे वह मुझसे छीन रहा है।

Instead I ought to be grateful to Him who never owed me anything for having been so generous to me, rather than think that He deprived me of those things or has taken away from me whatever He did not give me.

Instead I ought to be grateful to Him who never owed me anything for having been so generous to me, rather than think that He deprived me of those things or has taken away from me whatever He did not give me.

यदि ... किसी सच्चाई तक पहुँचना मेरे वश में नहीं है, तो कम से कम मैं वह तो कर ही सकता हूँ जो मेरे वश में है, यानी अपने निर्णय को फ़िलहाल रोक कर रखना।

If ... it is not in my power to arrive at the knowledge of any truth, I may at least do what is in my power, namely, suspend judgement.

If ... it is not in my power to arrive at the knowledge of any truth, I may at least do what is in my power, namely, suspend judgement.

विकल्प: जब सही रास्ते पर चलना हमारे बस में न हो, तो हमें उस रास्ते पर चलना चाहिए जो सबसे ज़्यादा सही होने की संभावना रखता हो।

Variant: When it is not in our power to follow what is true, we ought to follow what is most probable.

Variant: When it is not in our power to follow what is true, we ought to follow what is most probable.

हम यह कैसे जान सकते हैं कि वाकई किसी चीज़ का अस्तित्व है भी या नहीं, या जो कुछ भी हमें अपनी इंद्रियों के ज़रिए महसूस होता है, वह सचमुच वैसा ही है जैसा दिखाई देता है?

How do we know that anything really exists, that anything is really the way it seems ot us through our senses?

How do we know that anything really exists, that anything is really the way it seems ot us through our senses?

किसी मुश्किल सवाल के मामले में इस बात की ज़्यादा संभावना होती है कि सच्चाई को बहुत कम लोगों ने खोजा होगा, न कि बहुत ज़्यादा लोगों ने।

In the matter of a difficult question it is more likely that the truth should have been discovered by the few than by the many.

In the matter of a difficult question it is more likely that the truth should have been discovered by the few than by the many.

एक तरफ़ तो मेरे पास अपने होने का एक बहुत ही स्पष्ट और साफ़ विचार है—यानी एक ऐसी चीज़ के रूप में जो सोचती है और जिसका कोई भौतिक विस्तार नहीं है; और दूसरी तरफ़ मेरे पास शरीर का एक स्पष्ट विचार है—यानी एक ऐसी चीज़ के रूप में जो केवल भौतिक रूप से फैली हुई है लेकिन सोचती नहीं है। और इसलिए यह बिल्कुल पक्का है कि मैं अपने शरीर से पूरी तरह अलग हूँ और शरीर के बिना भी मेरा अस्तित्व रह सकता है।

On the one hand I have a clear and distinct idea of myself, in so far as I am a thinking, non-extended thing; and on the other hand I have a distinct idea of body, in so far a this is simply an extended, non-thinking thing. And, accordingly, it is certain that I am really distinct from my body, and exist without it.

On the one hand I have a clear and distinct idea of myself, in so far as I am a thinking, non-extended thing; and on the other hand I have a distinct idea of body, in so far a this is simply an extended, non-thinking thing. And, accordingly, it is certain that I am really distinct from my body, and exist without it.

समझदारी और आत्म-नियंत्रण का सबसे बड़ा फ़ायदा यह है कि यह हमें अपनी भावनाओं का मालिक बनना सिखाता है, और उन्हें इस तरह नियंत्रित व निर्देशित करना सिखाता है कि उनसे होने वाले नुकसान पूरी तरह सहने योग्य बन जाते हैं, और यहाँ तक कि हम उन सभी परिस्थितियों में भी आनंद ढूँढ़ लेते हैं।

The principal use of prudence, of self-control, is that it teaches us to be masters of our passions, and to so control and guide them that the evils which they cause are quite bearable, and that we even derive joy from them all.

The principal use of prudence, of self-control, is that it teaches us to be masters of our passions, and to so control and guide them that the evils which they cause are quite bearable, and that we even derive joy from them all.

मैं अक्सर सोता हूँ और सपनों में वही सब कल्पना करता हूँ जो पागल लोग जागते समय सोचते हैं।

I am accustomed to sleep and in my dreams to imagine the same things that lunatics imagine when awake.

I am accustomed to sleep and in my dreams to imagine the same things that lunatics imagine when awake.

इंसानों की जिज्ञासा इतनी अंधी होती है कि वे अक्सर बिना किसी सफलता की उम्मीद के, बस यह जोखिम उठाने की चाह में कि शायद वहाँ कोई सच्चाई मिल जाए, अनजान और अनछुए रास्तों पर चल पड़ते हैं।

So blind is the curiosity by which mortals are possessed, that they often conduct their minds along unexplored routes, having no reason to hope for success, but merely being willing to risk the experiment of finding whether the truth they seek lies there.

So blind is the curiosity by which mortals are possessed, that they often conduct their minds along unexplored routes, having no reason to hope for success, but merely being willing to risk the experiment of finding whether the truth they seek lies there.

संगीत का उद्देश्य एक आवाज़ या ध्वनि है। इसका लक्ष्य आनंद देना और हमारे भीतर तरह-तरह की भावनाओं को जगाना है।

The object of music is a Sound. The end; to delight, and move various Affections in us.

The object of music is a Sound. The end; to delight, and move various Affections in us.

इसलिए अब, जबकि मेरा मन हर तरह की चिंताओं से मुक्त है और मुझे इस शांत एकांत में पूरी तरह निश्चिंतता मिल गई है, मैं गंभीरता से और खुले मन से अपनी उन सभी पुरानी मान्यताओं को जड़ से उखाड़ फेंकने में जुट जाऊँगा।

Now therefore, that my mind is free from all cares, and that I have obtained for myself assured leisure in peaceful solitude, I shall apply myself seriously and freely to the general destruction of all my former opinions.

Now therefore, that my mind is free from all cares, and that I have obtained for myself assured leisure in peaceful solitude, I shall apply myself seriously and freely to the general destruction of all my former opinions.

मुझे उम्मीद है कि आने वाली पीढ़ी मेरे साथ नरमी से पेश आएगी—न सिर्फ़ उन बातों को लेकर जिन्हें मैंने समझाया है, बल्कि उन चीज़ों को लेकर भी जिन्हें मैंने जानबूझकर छोड़ दिया है ताकि दूसरों को भी खोज करने का आनंद मिल सके।

I hope that posterity will judge me kindly, not only as to the things which I have explained, but also to those which I have intentionally omitted so as to leave to others the pleasure of discovery.

I hope that posterity will judge me kindly, not only as to the things which I have explained, but also to those which I have intentionally omitted so as to leave to others the pleasure of discovery.

हम अनंत उस चीज़ को कहते हैं जिसकी सीमाएँ हमारी समझ से परे हैं, और इस तरह इस शब्द से हमारा मतलब किसी चीज़ को समझना नहीं, बल्कि उसे न समझ पाना होता है।

We call infinite that thing whose limits we have not perceived, and so by that word we do not signify what we understand about a thing, but rather what we do not understand.

We call infinite that thing whose limits we have not perceived, and so by that word we do not signify what we understand about a thing, but rather what we do not understand.

मन और शरीर में बहुत बड़ा अंतर है, क्योंकि शरीर का स्वभाव हमेशा से विभाज्य होता है, जबकि मन पूरी तरह अविभाज्य होता है।

There is a great difference between mind and body insomuch as body is by nature always divisible, and the mind is entirely indivisible.

There is a great difference between mind and body insomuch as body is by nature always divisible, and the mind is entirely indivisible.

कोई भी बात इतनी अजीब और अविश्वसनीय नहीं है जिसे किसी न किसी दार्शनिक ने न कहा हो।

There is nothing so strange and so unbelievable that it has not been said by one philosopher or another.

There is nothing so strange and so unbelievable that it has not been said by one philosopher or another.

तो फिर मेरी भूलों का स्रोत क्या है? वे केवल इस तथ्य के कारण हैं कि, चूँकि इच्छा की सीमा बुद्धि से कहीं अधिक बड़ी है, इसलिए मैं इच्छा को उन्हीं सीमाओं में नहीं बांधता; बल्कि, मैं उसे उन चीज़ों तक भी ले जाता हूँ जिन्हें मैं समझ नहीं पाता। चूकि ऐसे मामलों में इच्छा तटस्थ होती है, इसलिए वह आसानी से सत्य और भलाई से भटक जाती है; और इसी तरह मैं धोखे में आ जाता हूँ और भूल कर बैठता हूँ।

What then is the source of my errors? They are owing simply to the fact that, since the will extends further than the intellect, I do not contain the will within the same boundaries; rather, I also extend it to things I do not understand. Because the will is indifferent in regard to such matters, it easily turns away from the true and the good; and in this way I am deceived and I sin.

What then is the source of my errors? They are owing simply to the fact that, since the will extends further than the intellect, I do not contain the will within the same boundaries; rather, I also extend it to things I do not understand. Because the will is indifferent in regard to such matters, it easily turns away from the true and the good; and in this way I am deceived and I sin.

वजह जो भी हो, मेरे मन में लंबे समय से एक विचार पक्का बैठा हुआ है, और वह यह कि एक ऐसा ईश्वर है जो कुछ भी कर सकता है और जिसने मुझे वैसा ही बनाया है जैसा कि मैं हूँ। मैं कैसे जानूँ कि उसने ऐसा प्रबंध नहीं किया है कि पृथ्वी, आकाश, कोई विस्तारित वस्तु, कोई आकार, कोई माप, या कोई स्थान है ही नहीं, और फिर भी उसने ऐसा कर दिखाया है कि ये सारी चीज़ें मुझे ठीक वैसी ही दिखाई दे रही हैं जैसी वे अभी हैं?

Be that as it may, there is fixed in my mind a certain opinion of long standing, namely that there exists a God who is able to do anything and by whom I, such as I am, have been created. How do I know that he did not bring it about that there is no earth at all, no heavens, no extended thing, no shape, no size, no place, and yet bringing it about that all these things appear to me to exist precisely as they do now?

Be that as it may, there is fixed in my mind a certain opinion of long standing, namely that there exists a God who is able to do anything and by whom I, such as I am, have been created. How do I know that he did not bring it about that there is no earth at all, no heavens, no extended thing, no shape, no size, no place, and yet bringing it about that all these things appear to me to exist precisely as they do now?

सामान्य बुद्धि इस दुनिया में सबसे समान रूप से बंटी हुई चीज़ है, क्योंकि हम सभी को लगता है कि हमारे पास इसका अच्छा-खासा हिस्सा है।

Common sense is the best distributed thing in the world, for we all think we possess a good share of it.

Common sense is the best distributed thing in the world, for we all think we possess a good share of it.

हम में से प्रत्येक की बौद्धिक क्षमताओं की एक निश्चित सीमा होती है जिसे हम पार नहीं कर सकते।

For each of us there is a set limit to our intellectual powers which we cannot pass.

For each of us there is a set limit to our intellectual powers which we cannot pass.

जब आप पारमार्थिक या गहरे विषयों पर लिखें, तो पूरी तरह स्पष्ट रहें।

When writing about transcendental issues, be transcendentally clear.

When writing about transcendental issues, be transcendentally clear.

इंसान के भीतर प्रेम और घृणा—ये दो मूल भाव होते हैं। अतिरेक की प्रवृत्ति में केवल प्रेम का भाव प्रबल होता है, क्योंकि वह अधिक तीव्र और मजबूत होता है।

A person has two passions for love and abhorrence. A big disposition to excessiveness has just a love, because it is more ardent and stronger.

A person has two passions for love and abhorrence. A big disposition to excessiveness has just a love, because it is more ardent and stronger.

अब तक मैंने जिसे भी सबसे सच और पक्का माना है, वह सब या तो मैंने इंद्रियों से पाया है या इंद्रियों के माध्यम से। लेकिन समय-समय पर मैंने पाया है कि इंद्रियां धोखा देती हैं, और समझदारी इसी में है कि उन पर कभी पूरी तरह भरोसा न किया जाए जिन्होंने हमें एक बार भी धोखा दिया हो।

Whatever I have up till now accepted as most true and assured I have gotten either from the senses or through the senses. But from time to time I have found that the senses deceive, and it is prudent never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once.

Whatever I have up till now accepted as most true and assured I have gotten either from the senses or through the senses. But from time to time I have found that the senses deceive, and it is prudent never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once.

मैं एक सोचने वाली चीज़ हूँ: यानी, एक ऐसी चीज़ जो संदेह करती है, पुष्टि करती है, खंडन करती है, कुछ बातों को समझती है, बहुत सी बातों से अनजान है, इच्छा रखती है, नहीं रखती है, और साथ ही जो कल्पना करती है और इंद्रिय-बोध रखती है।

I am thing that thinks: that is, a things that doubts,affirms, denies, understands a few things, is ignorant of many things, is willing, is unwilling, and also which imagines and has sensory perceptions.

I am thing that thinks: that is, a things that doubts,affirms, denies, understands a few things, is ignorant of many things, is willing, is unwilling, and also which imagines and has sensory perceptions.

न तो सच्चे और न ही झूठे मूल हमेशा वास्तविक होते हैं; कभी-कभी वे काल्पनिक होते हैं; यानी, भले ही हम प्रत्येक समीकरण के लिए उतने ही मूलों की कल्पना कर सकते हैं जितने मैंने निर्धारित किए हैं, फिर भी हमारे द्वारा कल्पित प्रत्येक मूल के अनुरूप हमेशा कोई निश्चित मात्रा नहीं होती है।

Neither the true nor the false roots are always real; sometimes they are imaginary; that is, while we can always imagine as many roots for each equation as I have assigned, yet there is not always a definite quantity corresponding to each root we have imagined.

Neither the true nor the false roots are always real; sometimes they are imaginary; that is, while we can always imagine as many roots for each equation as I have assigned, yet there is not always a definite quantity corresponding to each root we have imagined.

यद्यपि मेरा ज्ञान निरंतर बढ़ता जा रहा है, फिर भी इसके आधार पर मेरा यह मानना नहीं है कि यह कभी वास्तव में अनंत हो सकता है, क्योंकि यह कभी ऐसे ऊंचे स्तर पर नहीं पहुँच सकता जहाँ से इसमें और अधिक वृद्धि की गुंजाइश न बचे।

Although my knowledge grows more and more, nevertheless I do not for that reason believe that it can ever be actually infinite, since it can never reach a point so high that it will be unable to attain any greater increase.

Although my knowledge grows more and more, nevertheless I do not for that reason believe that it can ever be actually infinite, since it can never reach a point so high that it will be unable to attain any greater increase.

ठीक जैसे हम आस्था के साथ यह मानते हैं कि अगले जीवन की सबसे बड़ी खुशी केवल इस दिव्य गरिमा के ध्यान में निहित है, उसी तरह हम यह अनुभव करते हैं कि इस जीवन में हम जिस सबसे बड़े आनंद को प्राप्त करने में सक्षम हैं, वह भी इसी ध्यान से मिलता है, भले ही यह बहुत कम पूर्ण हो।

Just as we believe by faith that the greatest happiness of the next life consists simply in the contemplation of this divine majesty, likewise we experience that we derive the greatest joy of which we are capable in this life from the same contemplation, even though it is much less perfect.

Just as we believe by faith that the greatest happiness of the next life consists simply in the contemplation of this divine majesty, likewise we experience that we derive the greatest joy of which we are capable in this life from the same contemplation, even though it is much less perfect.

मैं सोच रहा हूँ, इसलिए मैं अस्तित्व में हूँ। (...) मैं एक ऐसा सार था जिसका पूरा स्वभाव या प्रकृति केवल सोचना है, और जिसके अस्तित्व के लिए किसी स्थान की आवश्यकता नहीं है, न ही यह किसी भौतिक चीज़ पर निर्भर है। तदनुसार यह 'मैं'—यानी वह आत्मा जिसके द्वारा मैं वह हूँ जो मैं हूँ—शरीर से पूरी तरह अलग है, और वास्तव में शरीर की तुलना में इसे जानना अधिक आसान है, और शरीर के न होने पर भी यह जो है वही रहेगा।

I am thinking, therefore I exist. (...) I was a substance whose whole essence or nature is solely to think, and which does not require any place, or depend on any material thing, in order to exist. Accordingly this 'I' - that is, the soul by which I am what I am - is entirely distinct from the body, and indeed is easier to know than the body, and would not fail to be whatever it is, even if the body did not exist.

I am thinking, therefore I exist. (...) I was a substance whose whole essence or nature is solely to think, and which does not require any place, or depend on any material thing, in order to exist. Accordingly this 'I' - that is, the soul by which I am what I am - is entirely distinct from the body, and indeed is easier to know than the body, and would not fail to be whatever it is, even if the body did not exist.

परंतु मैं यह नहीं भूल सकता कि, अन्य अवसरों पर भी सपनों के ऐसे ही भ्रमों ने मुझे धोखा दिया है; और उन मामलों पर गौर करते हुए, मुझे इतनी स्पष्टता से यह महसूस होता है कि ऐसा कोई निश्चित पैमाना है ही नहीं जिससे जागने की स्थिति को सपने से अलग किया जा सके, कि मुझे बहुत अचंभा होता है; और विस्मय में आकर मैं लगभग यह मान ही लेता हूँ कि मैं इस समय सपना देख रहा हूँ।

But I cannot forget that, at other times I have been deceived in sleep by similar illusions; and, attentively considering those cases, I perceive so clearly that there exist no certain marks by which the state of waking can ever be distinguished from sleep, that I feel greatly astonished; and in amazement I almost persuade myself that I am now dreaming.

But I cannot forget that, at other times I have been deceived in sleep by similar illusions; and, attentively considering those cases, I perceive so clearly that there exist no certain marks by which the state of waking can ever be distinguished from sleep, that I feel greatly astonished; and in amazement I almost persuade myself that I am now dreaming.

मैंने उन संशयवादियों की नकल नहीं की जो केवल संदेह करने के लिए संदेह करते हैं और हमेशा अनिर्णय की स्थिति में होने का दिखावा करते हैं; इसके विपरीत, मेरा पूरा इरादा एक निश्चितता तक पहुँचना था, और तब तक कचरे और रेत को हटाते जाना था जब तक कि नीचे की चट्टान या ठोस मिट्टी तक न पहुँच जाऊँ।

I did not imitate the skeptics who doubt only for doubting's sake, and pretend to be always undecided; on the contrary, my whole intention was to arrive at a certainty, and to dig away the drift and the sand until I reached the rock or the clay beneath.

I did not imitate the skeptics who doubt only for doubting's sake, and pretend to be always undecided; on the contrary, my whole intention was to arrive at a certainty, and to dig away the drift and the sand until I reached the rock or the clay beneath.

यह तर्क के विरुद्ध है यह कहना कि कोई ऐसा निर्वात या स्थान है जहाँ बिल्कुल कुछ भी नहीं है।

It is contrary to reasoning to say that there is a vacuum or space in which there is absolutely nothing.

It is contrary to reasoning to say that there is a vacuum or space in which there is absolutely nothing.

यदि हमारे पास किसी भी प्राणी (जैसे मनुष्य) के बीज के सभी अंगों का पूरा ज्ञान हो, तो हम केवल उसी से, पूरी तरह गणितीय और निश्चित तर्कों के आधार पर, उसके प्रत्येक अंग की पूरी बनावट और आकार का अनुमान लगा सकते हैं, और इसके विपरीत, यदि हमें इस बनावट की कई खासियतों के बारे में पता हो, तो हम उनसे उसके बीज की प्रकृति का पता लगा सकते हैं।

If we possessed a thorough knowledge of all the parts of the seed of any animal (e.g. man), we could from that alone, be reasons entirely mathematical and certain, deduce the whole conformation and figure of each of its members, and, conversely if we knew several peculiarities of this conformation, we would from those deduce the nature of its seed.

If we possessed a thorough knowledge of all the parts of the seed of any animal (e.g. man), we could from that alone, be reasons entirely mathematical and certain, deduce the whole conformation and figure of each of its members, and, conversely if we knew several peculiarities of this conformation, we would from those deduce the nature of its seed.

इस प्रकार खोजी गई प्रत्येक सच्चाई बाद की सच्चाइयों को खोजने का एक नियम बन गई।

Thus each truth discovered was a rule available in the discovery of subsequent ones.

Thus each truth discovered was a rule available in the discovery of subsequent ones.

और मैं हमेशा उन लोगों का अधिक आभारी रहूँगा जिनकी कृपा से मुझे निर्बाध खाली समय मिलता है, न कि उन लोगों का जो मुझे दुनिया के सबसे प्रतिष्ठित पद भी दे सकते हैं।

And I shall always hold myself more obliged to those by whose favour I enjoy uninterrupted leisure than to any who might offer me the most honourable positions in the world.

And I shall always hold myself more obliged to those by whose favour I enjoy uninterrupted leisure than to any who might offer me the most honourable positions in the world.

खुशी (यानी परम सुख), सर्वोच्च भलाई, और उस अंतिम लक्ष्य के बीच अंतर होता है जिसकी ओर हमारे कार्यों को बढ़ना चाहिए। क्योंकि खुशी सर्वोच्च भलाई नहीं है, बल्कि यह उसे मानकर चलती है, और यह मन की वह संतुष्टि है जो उसे पाकर मिलती है।

There is a difference between happiness, the supreme good, and the final end or goal toward which our actions ought to tend. For happiness is not the supreme good, but presupposes it, being the contentment or satisfaction of the mind which results from possessing it.

There is a difference between happiness, the supreme good, and the final end or goal toward which our actions ought to tend. For happiness is not the supreme good, but presupposes it, being the contentment or satisfaction of the mind which results from possessing it.

यह परिणाम या तो इस तरह हासिल किया जा सकता था कि ईश्वर मेरी बुद्धि को उन सभी चीज़ों की स्पष्ट और स्पष्ट समझ से भर देता जिन पर मैं कभी विचार करता, या फिर मेरी स्मृति में इस नियम को इतने पक्के तौर पर बैठा देता कि मैं उसे कभी न भूलूँ: मुझे कभी भी किसी ऐसी चीज़ पर अपनी राय नहीं देनी चाहिए जिसे मैं स्पष्ट और निश्चित रूप से न समझता हूँ।

This result could have been achieved either by his [God] endowing my intellect with a clear and distinct perception of everything about which I would ever deliberate, or simply by impressing the following rule so firmly upon my memory that I could never forget it: I should never judge anything that I do not clearly and distinctly understand.

This result could have been achieved either by his [God] endowing my intellect with a clear and distinct perception of everything about which I would ever deliberate, or simply by impressing the following rule so firmly upon my memory that I could never forget it: I should never judge anything that I do not clearly and distinctly understand.

जैसे-जैसे मैंने इस मामले पर गहराई से विचार किया, धीरे-धीरे यह बात सामने आई कि गणित के अंतर्गत केवल वे ही मामले आते हैं जिनमें क्रम और माप की जाँच की जाती है, और इससे कोई फर्क नहीं पड़ता कि माप का यह प्रश्न संख्याओं, आकृतियों, तारों, ध्वनियों या किसी अन्य वस्तु में उठता है। परिणामस्वरूप मैंने देखा कि उस मूल तत्व को समझाने के लिए कोई सामान्य विज्ञान होना चाहिए जो क्रम और माप से जुड़ी समस्याओं को जन्म देता है, भले ही वे किसी विशेष विषय तक सीमित न हों। मैंने महसूस किया कि इसे 'सार्वभौमिक गणित' कहा जाता है।

As I considered the matter carefully it gradually came to light that all those matters only were referred to mathematics in which order and measurements are investigated, and that it makes no difference whether it be in numbers, figures, stars, sounds or any other object that the question of measurement arises. I saw consequently that there must be some general science to explain that element as a whole which gives rise to problems about order and measurement, restricted as these are to no special subject matter. This, I perceived was called 'universal mathematics'.

As I considered the matter carefully it gradually came to light that all those matters only were referred to mathematics in which order and measurements are investigated, and that it makes no difference whether it be in numbers, figures, stars, sounds or any other object that the question of measurement arises. I saw consequently that there must be some general science to explain that element as a whole which gives rise to problems about order and measurement, restricted as these are to no special subject matter. This, I perceived was called 'universal mathematics'.

समझदारी दुनिया की सबसे निष्पक्ष रूप से बंटी हुई चीज़ है क्योंकि किसी व्यक्ति के पास भले ही वह कम हो या ज़्यादा, हर किसी को लगता है कि उसके पास समझदारी इतनी प्रचुर मात्रा में है कि उसे जितनी है, उससे ज़्यादा की कोई इच्छा नहीं होती।

Good sense is the most equitably distributed of all things because no matter how much or little a person has, everyone feels so abundantly provided with good sense that he feels no desire for more than he already possesses.

Good sense is the most equitably distributed of all things because no matter how much or little a person has, everyone feels so abundantly provided with good sense that he feels no desire for more than he already possesses.

मानव बुद्धि हमेशा एक जैसी और एक ही रहती है, भले ही उसका उपयोग सबसे अलग-अलग चीज़ों पर किया जाए; और यह उनकी विविधता से उतनी ही कम बदलती है जितनी कि सूरज की धूप उन अलग-अलग चीज़ों से नहीं बदलती जिन्हें वह रोशन करती है।

Human wisdom remains always one and the same although applied to the most diverse objects and it is no more changed by their diversity than the sunshine is changed by the variety of objects which it illuminates.

Human wisdom remains always one and the same although applied to the most diverse objects and it is no more changed by their diversity than the sunshine is changed by the variety of objects which it illuminates.

मैंने अपने भीतर निर्णय लेने की एक निश्चित क्षमता का अनुभव किया है जो निस्संदेह मुझे ईश्वर से मिली है, ठीक मेरी बाकी चीज़ों की तरह; और चूंकि वह मुझे धोखा देना नहीं चाहेंगे, यह स्पष्ट है कि उन्होंने मुझे ऐसी कोई क्षमता नहीं दी है जो सही इस्तेमाल करने पर मुझे भ्रम में डाले।

I experienced in myself a certain capacity for judging which I have doubtless received from God, like all the other things that I possess; and as He could not desire to deceive me, it is clear that He has not given me a faculty that will lead me to err if I use it aright.

I experienced in myself a certain capacity for judging which I have doubtless received from God, like all the other things that I possess; and as He could not desire to deceive me, it is clear that He has not given me a faculty that will lead me to err if I use it aright.

आखिर हम कैसे जानते हैं कि सपने में आने वाले विचार झूठे हैं और वे विचार नहीं जो हम जागने पर अनुभव करते हैं, जबकि पहले वाले अक्सर दूसरे से कम स्पष्ट और जीवंत नहीं होते?

For how do we know that the thoughts which occur in dreaming are false rather than those others which we experience when awake, since the former are often not less vivid and distinct than the latter?

For how do we know that the thoughts which occur in dreaming are false rather than those others which we experience when awake, since the former are often not less vivid and distinct than the latter?

आर्किमिडीज़ ने पूरी दुनिया को हिला देने के लिए... केवल एक ऐसी जगह मांगी थी जो दृढ़ और अचल हो; वैसे ही, यदि मैं केवल एक ऐसी चीज़ खोजने में सफल हो जाता हूँ जो निश्चित औरसंदेह से परे है, तो मुझे भी सबसे बड़ी उम्मीदें रखने का अधिकार होगा।

Archimedes, that he might transport the entire globe ... demanded only a point that was firm and immovable; so also, I shall be entitled to entertain the highest expectations, if I am fortunate enough to discover only one thing that is certain and indubitable.

Archimedes, that he might transport the entire globe ... demanded only a point that was firm and immovable; so also, I shall be entitled to entertain the highest expectations, if I am fortunate enough to discover only one thing that is certain and indubitable.

और इस तरह हम खुद को प्रकृति के एक तरह से स्वामी और मालिक बना लें।

And thereby make ourselves, as it were, the lords and masters of nature.

And thereby make ourselves, as it were, the lords and masters of nature.

दिमाग में एक छोटी सी ग्रंथि होती है जिसमें आत्मा शरीर के अन्य हिस्सों की तुलना में अधिक विशिष्ट रूप से अपने कार्यों को अंजाम देती है।

There is a little gland in the brain in which the soul exercises its functions in a more particular way than in the other parts.

There is a little gland in the brain in which the soul exercises its functions in a more particular way than in the other parts.

...नैतिक निश्चितता वह निश्चितता है जो हमारे आचरण को नियंत्रित करने के लिए पर्याप्त होती है, या उस निश्चितता के बराबर होती है जो जीवन के उन मामलों में होती है जिन पर हम कभी सामान्यतः संदेह नहीं करते, हालांकि हम जानते हैं कि पूरी तरह से देखा जाए तो उनके गलत होने की संभावना हो सकती है।

... moral certainty is certainty which is sufficient to regulate our behaviour, or which measures up to the certainty we have on matters relating to the conduct of life which we never normally doubt, though we know that it is possible, absolutely speaking, that they may be false.

... moral certainty is certainty which is sufficient to regulate our behaviour, or which measures up to the certainty we have on matters relating to the conduct of life which we never normally doubt, though we know that it is possible, absolutely speaking, that they may be false.

मैं भौतिकी के किसी भी ऐसे सिद्धांत को स्वीकार नहीं करता जिसे गणित में भी स्वीकार न किया जाए।

I accept no principles of physics which are not also accepted in mathematics.

I accept no principles of physics which are not also accepted in mathematics.

भले ही मैं यह मान लूं कि मैं सपना देख रहा था और जो कुछ भी मैंने देखा या कल्पना की वह सब झूठा था, फिर भी मैं इस बात से इंकार नहीं कर सकता था कि मेरे मन में विचार वास्तव में मौजूद थे।

Even if I were to suppose that I was dreaming and whatever I saw or imagined was false, yet I could not deny that ideas were truly in my mind.

Even if I were to suppose that I was dreaming and whatever I saw or imagined was false, yet I could not deny that ideas were truly in my mind.

हर कोई खुद को सामान्य बुद्धि से इतना परिपूर्ण समझता है कि सबसे अधिक नखरे करने वाले लोग भी... कभी भी जितनी उनके पास है, उससे अधिक की इच्छा नहीं रखते।

Everybody thinks himself so well supplied with common sense that even those most difficult to please. . . never desire more of it than they already have.

Everybody thinks himself so well supplied with common sense that even those most difficult to please. . . never desire more of it than they already have.

यदि मैं उस विकल्प को चुनता हूँ जो गलत है, तो स्पष्ट रूप से मैं भूल में हूँगा; यदि मैं दूसरा रास्ता चुनता हूँ, तो यह संयोग मात्र होगा कि मैं सत्य तक पहुँच पाऊँ, और फिर भी मैं गलती पर ही रहूँगा...। स्वतंत्र इच्छा के इस गलत प्रयोग में ही वह कमी पाई जा सकती है जो त्रुटि का मूल सार है।

If I go for the alternative which is false, then obviously I shall be in error; if I take the other side, then it is by... chance that I arrive at the truth, and I shall still be at fault.... In this incorrect use of free will may be found the privation which constitutes the essence of error.

If I go for the alternative which is false, then obviously I shall be in error; if I take the other side, then it is by... chance that I arrive at the truth, and I shall still be at fault.... In this incorrect use of free will may be found the privation which constitutes the essence of error.

[पिएर डी फर्मा के बारे में] इस बात से इंकार नहीं किया जा सकता कि उनके पास कई असाधारण विचार रहे हैं, और वे एक अत्यधिक बुद्धिमान व्यक्ति हैं। हालांकि जहाँ तक मेरा सवाल है, मुझे हमेशा से यही सिखाया गया है कि चीजों को एक व्यापक दृष्टिकोण से देखा जाए, ताकि उनसे ऐसे सामान्य नियम निकाले जा सकें जो अन्य जगहों पर भी लागू हो सके।

[About Pierre de Fermat] It cannot be denied that he has had many exceptional ideas, and that he is a highly intelligent man. For my part, however, I have always been taught to take a broad overview of things, in order to be able to deduce from them general rules, which might be applicable elsewhere.

[About Pierre de Fermat] It cannot be denied that he has had many exceptional ideas, and that he is a highly intelligent man. For my part, however, I have always been taught to take a broad overview of things, in order to be able to deduce from them general rules, which might be applicable elsewhere.

यह शरीर ही है जिससे हमें उन सभी चीजों को जोड़ना चाहिए जो हमारे भीतर हमारी तर्कशक्ति का विरोध करती हुई दिखाई देती हैं।

It is to the body alone that we should attribute everything that can be observed in us to oppose our reason.

It is to the body alone that we should attribute everything that can be observed in us to oppose our reason.

मैं खुद को भौतिकी के बारे में कुछ भी न जानने वाला मानूँगा यदि मैं केवल यह समझा सकूँ कि चीजें कैसे हो सकती हैं, और यह साबित करने में असमर्थ रहूँ कि वे इसके अलावा किसी अन्य रूप में नहीं हो सकती थीं।

I should consider that I know nothing about physics if I were able to explain only how things might be, and were unable to demonstrate that they could not be otherwise.

I should consider that I know nothing about physics if I were able to explain only how things might be, and were unable to demonstrate that they could not be otherwise.

इसलिए तर्क यह भी मांग करता है कि, चूँकि हमारे सभी विचार सत्य नहीं हो सकते क्योंकि हम पूरी तरह से परिपूर्ण नहीं हैं, इसलिए उनमें जो भी सत्यता है वह अनिवार्य रूप से हमारे सपनों की तुलना में उन विचारों में पाई जानी चाहिए जो हमें जागते समय आते हैं।

Hence reason also demands that, since our thoughts cannot all be true because we are not wholly perfect, what truth they do possess must inevitably be found in the thoughts we have when awake, rather than in our dreams.

Hence reason also demands that, since our thoughts cannot all be true because we are not wholly perfect, what truth they do possess must inevitably be found in the thoughts we have when awake, rather than in our dreams.

यदि मुझे विज्ञान में कोई नए सत्य मिले हैं, तो मैं कह सकता हूँ कि वे पांच या छह प्रमुख समस्याओं से उपजे हैं या उन पर निर्भर हैं जिन्हें हल करने में मैं सफल रहा और जिन्हें मैं उन लड़ाइयों की तरह देखता हूँ जहाँ युद्ध का भाग्य मेरे पक्ष में था।

If I found any new truths in the sciences, I can say that they follow from, or depend on, five or six principal problems which I succeeded in solving and which I regard as so many battles where the fortunes of war were on my side.

If I found any new truths in the sciences, I can say that they follow from, or depend on, five or six principal problems which I succeeded in solving and which I regard as so many battles where the fortunes of war were on my side.

विवेक सभी मनुष्यों में सबसे समान रूप से बंटा हुआ है; क्योंकि हर कोई खुद को इससे इतना संपन्न मानता है कि जो लोग हर दूसरी चीज़ में सबसे ज़्यादा असंतुष्ट रहते हैं, वे भी आमतौर पर इस गुण को अपनी ज़रूरत से ज़्यादा पाने की इच्छा नहीं रखते।

Good sense is, of all things among men, the most equally distributed; for every one thinks himself so abundantly provided with it, that those even who are the most difficult to satisfy in everything else, do not usually desire a larger measure of this quality than they already possess.

Good sense is, of all things among men, the most equally distributed; for every one thinks himself so abundantly provided with it, that those even who are the most difficult to satisfy in everything else, do not usually desire a larger measure of this quality than they already possess.

यहाँ तक कि मन भी स्वभाव और शारीरिक अंगों की बनावट पर इतना निर्भर करता है कि यदि लोगों को सामान्यतः पहले से अधिक बुद्धिमान और कुशल बनाने का कोई तरीका खोजना संभव है, तो मेरा मानना है कि हमें उसे चिकित्सा विज्ञान में ढूँढنا चाहिए। यह सच है कि जिस तरह से चिकित्सा का अभ्यास वर्तमान में किया जाता है, उसमें काम की बहुत कम चीजें हैं।

Even the mind depends so much on temperament and the disposition of one's bodily organs that, if it is possible to find a way to make people generally more wise and more skilful than they have been in the past, I believe that we should look for it in medicine. It is true that medicine as it is currently practiced contains little of much use.

Even the mind depends so much on temperament and the disposition of one's bodily organs that, if it is possible to find a way to make people generally more wise and more skilful than they have been in the past, I believe that we should look for it in medicine. It is true that medicine as it is currently practiced contains little of much use.

इंद्रधनुष प्रकृति की एक इतनी उल्लेखनीय घटना है, और युगों से जिज्ञासु मन द्वारा इसके कारणों की इतनी बारीकी से तलाश की गई है, यह प्रदर्शित करने के लिए कि जिस पद्धति का मैं उपयोग कर रहा हूँ उससे हम उस ज्ञान तक कैसे पहुँच सकते हैं जो उन लोगों के पास बिल्कुल नहीं था जिनके ग्रंथ हमारे पास उपलब्ध हैं, इससे अधिक उपयुक्त विषय मैं नहीं चुन सकता था।

The rainbow is such a remarkable phenomenon of nature, and its cause has been so meticulously sought after by inquiring minds throughout the ages, that I could not choose a more appropriate subject for demonstrating how, with the method I am using, we can arrive at knowledge not possessed at all by those whose writings are available to us.

The rainbow is such a remarkable phenomenon of nature, and its cause has been so meticulously sought after by inquiring minds throughout the ages, that I could not choose a more appropriate subject for demonstrating how, with the method I am using, we can arrive at knowledge not possessed at all by those whose writings are available to us.

पूरी पद्धति केवल उन चीजों के क्रम और व्यवस्था में निहित है जिन पर मन की आँख को टिकना चाहिए ताकि हम किसी सत्य की खोज कर सकें।

The entire method consists in the order and arrangement of the things to which the mind's eye must turn so that we can discover some truth.

The entire method consists in the order and arrangement of the things to which the mind's eye must turn so that we can discover some truth.

यहाँ मैं आपसे बीच में ही यह देखने का अनुरोध करता हूँ कि जिन झिझकों ने प्राचीन लेखकों को ज्यामिति में अंकगणितीय शब्दों का उपयोग करने से रोका, और जो केवल इन दोनों विषयों के बीच के संबंध को स्पष्ट रूप से देखने में उनकी असमर्थता का परिणाम हो सकती हैं, उन्होंने उनके स्पष्टीकरण में बहुत अधिक अस्पष्टता और भ्रम पैदा कर दिया।

Here I beg you to observe in passing that the scruples that prevented ancient writers from using arithmetical terms in geometry, and which can only be a consequence of their inability to perceive clearly the relation between these two subjects, introduced much obscurity and confusion into their explanations.

Here I beg you to observe in passing that the scruples that prevented ancient writers from using arithmetical terms in geometry, and which can only be a consequence of their inability to perceive clearly the relation between these two subjects, introduced much obscurity and confusion into their explanations.

यह कभी नहीं सोचना चाहिए कि खनन के लगातार प्रयासों से कभी भी पृथ्वी के भीतर पहुँचा जा सकता है: एक तो इसलिए कि बाहरी पृथ्वी मानवीय शक्ति की तुलना में बहुत मोटी है; और खासकर बीच के पानी की वजह से, जो कि जितनी गहराई पर उनकी नसें पहली बार खुलेंगी, उतने ही अधिक वेग से बाहर उबल पड़ेगा; और जो सभी खनिकों को डुबो देगा।

It must not be thought that it is ever possible to reach the interior earth by any perseverance in mining: both because the exterior earth is too thick, in comparison with human strength; and especially because of the intermediate waters, which would gush forth with greater impetus, the deeper the place in which their veins were first opened; and which would drown all miners.

It must not be thought that it is ever possible to reach the interior earth by any perseverance in mining: both because the exterior earth is too thick, in comparison with human strength; and especially because of the intermediate waters, which would gush forth with greater impetus, the deeper the place in which their veins were first opened; and which would drown all miners.

पदार्थ, या सामान्य रूप से माने जाने वाले शरीर की प्रकृति, इसमें नहीं है कि वह कोई ऐसी चीज है जो कठोर, भारी या रंगीन है, या जो किसी भी तरह से इंद्रियों को प्रभावित करती है, बल्कि यह केवल इसमें है कि वह कोई ऐसी चीज है जो लंबाई, चौड़ाई और गहराई में फैली हुई है।

The nature of matter, or body considered in general, consists not in its being something which is hard or heavy or coloured, or which affects the senses in any way, but simply in its being something which is extended in length, breadth and depth.

The nature of matter, or body considered in general, consists not in its being something which is hard or heavy or coloured, or which affects the senses in any way, but simply in its being something which is extended in length, breadth and depth.

मैंने निष्कर्ष निकाला कि मैं इस सिद्धांत को एक सामान्य नियम के रूप में मान सकता हूँ कि वे सभी चीजें जिन्हें हम बहुत स्पष्ट रूप से और आसानी से समझते हैं, सत्य हैं: हालांकि बस यह ध्यान रखना होगा कि जिन वस्तुओं को हम स्पष्ट रूप से समझते हैं, उनका सही निर्धारण करने में थोड़ी कठिनाई होती है।

I concluded that I might take as a general rule the principle that all things which we very clearly and obviously conceive are true: only observing, however, that there is some difficulty in rightly determining the objects which we distinctly conceive.

I concluded that I might take as a general rule the principle that all things which we very clearly and obviously conceive are true: only observing, however, that there is some difficulty in rightly determining the objects which we distinctly conceive.

अच्छा दिमाग होना ही काफी नहीं है। मुख्य बात यह है कि उसका सही इस्तेमाल किया जाए।

It is not enough to have a good mind. The main thing is to use it well.

It is not enough to have a good mind. The main thing is to use it well.

हम जिस दुनिया को देखते हैं उसका वर्णन नहीं करते, बल्कि हम उस दुनिया को देखते हैं जिसका हम वर्णन कर सकते हैं।

We do not describe the world we see, we see the world we can describe.

We do not describe the world we see, we see the world we can describe.

ब्रह्मांड में जिस एकमात्र चीज पर हमारा नियंत्रण है, वह हमारे अपने विचार हैं।

The only thing we have power over in the universe is our own thoughts.

The only thing we have power over in the universe is our own thoughts.

यदि आप सत्य के सच्चे खोजी बनना चाहते हैं, तो यह आवश्यक है कि जीवन में कम से कम एक बार आप हर उस चीज़ पर संदेह करें, जहाँ तक संभव हो सके।

If you would be a real seeker after truth, it is necessary that at least once in your life you doubt, as far as possible, all things.

If you would be a real seeker after truth, it is necessary that at least once in your life you doubt, as far as possible, all things.

संदेह ही ज्ञान का स्रोत है।

Doubt is the origin of wisdom

Doubt is the origin of wisdom

दुनिया को जीतने के बजाय खुद को जीतिए।

Conquer yourself rather than the world.

Conquer yourself rather than the world.