इसलिए बच्चे सामाजिक तौर-तरीके वयस्कों से कम और आपस की आपसी बातचीत और मेल-जोल से ज़्यादा सीखते हैं। वे खुद प्रयोग करके और गलतियों से यह समझते हैं कि कौन सा तरीका काम करता है और कौन सा नहीं, और बाद में अपने इसी सीखे हुए अनुभव पर गहराई से सोचते हैं।
Children, then, acquire social skills not so much from adults as from their interactions with one another. They are likely to discover through trial and error which strategies work and which do not, and later to reflect consciously on what they have learned.
Children, then, acquire social skills not so much from adults as from their interactions with one another. They are likely to discover through trial and error which strategies work and which do not, and later to reflect consciously on what they have learned.
बच्चों के जीवन में दोस्तों की वह भूमिका होती है जो माता-पिता नहीं निभा सकते, और बच्चों के सामाजिक कौशल तथा उनकी पहचान को गढ़ने में दोस्तों की भूमिका बहुत अहम होती है... एक वह बच्चा जिसके पक्के दोस्त हैं और दूसरा वह बच्चा जो दोस्त बनाना तो चाहता है पर बना नहीं पाता—इन दोनों की स्थिति में ज़मीन-आसमान का फर्क होता है, जो जीवन के एक बहुत बड़े हिस्से में उनके खुश रहने या दुखी रहने का कारण बन सकता है।
Friends serve central functions for children that parents do not, and they play a critical role in shaping children's social skills and their sense of identity. . . . The difference between a child with close friendships and a child who wants to make friends but is unable to can be the difference between a child who is happy and a child who is distressed in one large area of life.
Friends serve central functions for children that parents do not, and they play a critical role in shaping children's social skills and their sense of identity. . . . The difference between a child with close friendships and a child who wants to make friends but is unable to can be the difference between a child who is happy and a child who is distressed in one large area of life.
समूह का हिस्सा बनना बच्चे को वे तमाम चीज़ें और सहयोग देता है जो एक अकेली दोस्ती अक्सर नहीं दे पाती—जैसे सामूहिक जुड़ाव का एहसास, संगठित भूमिकाओं का अनुभव, और बड़े होने की इस जद्दोजहद में ग्रुप का साथ। साथ ही, समूह बच्चे के सामने सामाजिक जीवन की सबसे बड़ी मुश्किलें भी खड़ी करता है—जैसे किसी समूह में शामिल होना या बाहर कर दिया जाना, भीड़ का हिस्सा बनना या अपनी आज़ादी बनाए रखना।
Belonging to a group can provide the child with a variety of resources that an individual friendship often cannot--a sense of collective participation, experience with organizational roles, and group support in the enterprise of growing up. Groups also pose for the child some of the most acute problems of social life--of inclusion and exclusion, conformity and independence.
Belonging to a group can provide the child with a variety of resources that an individual friendship often cannot--a sense of collective participation, experience with organizational roles, and group support in the enterprise of growing up. Groups also pose for the child some of the most acute problems of social life--of inclusion and exclusion, conformity and independence.
जहाँ बच्चे अपने माता-पिता के साथ मेल-जोल से यह सीखते हैं कि एक तरह के सामाजिक दायरे यानी परिवार में कैसे तालमेल बिठाना है, वहीं वे अपने साथियों (हमउम्र दोस्तों) के साथ रहकर यह सबसे बेहतर सीख पाते हैं कि विभिन्न प्रकार की सामाजिक परिस्थितियों में बराबरी के लोगों के बीच कैसे टिके रहना है।
Whereas children can learn from their interactions with their parents how to get along in one sort of social hierarchy--that of the family--it is from their interactions with peers that they can best learn how to survive among equals in a wide range of social situations.
Whereas children can learn from their interactions with their parents how to get along in one sort of social hierarchy--that of the family--it is from their interactions with peers that they can best learn how to survive among equals in a wide range of social situations.
यद्यपि बच्चों को सामाजिक तौर-तरीके सिखाने में बड़ों की भी भूमिका होती है, पर अक्सर यह सबसे अच्छा तब होता है जब बड़ों की दखलअंदाज़ी छिपकर या सहज रूप से हो। खासकर, बड़ों को इस बात का ध्यान रखना चाहिए कि वे किसी नासमझ बच्चे को सबके सामने टोककर शर्मिंदा न करें, और बच्चों पर ऐसा कोई ठप्पा न लगाएं कि वे खुद को वैसा ही (कमज़ोर या शर्मीला) समझने लगें।
Although adults have a role to play in teaching social skills to children, it is often best that they play it unobtrusively. In particular, adults must guard against embarrassing unskilled children by correcting them too publicly and against labeling children as shy in ways that may lead the children to see themselves in just that way.
Although adults have a role to play in teaching social skills to children, it is often best that they play it unobtrusively. In particular, adults must guard against embarrassing unskilled children by correcting them too publicly and against labeling children as shy in ways that may lead the children to see themselves in just that way.