लेकिन एडम स्मिथ एक अर्थशास्त्री होने के साथ-साथ एक दार्शनिक भी थे, जो अपने समय में 'द वेल्थ ऑफ नेशंस' के साथ-साथ 'थ्योरी ऑफ मोरल सेंटीमेंट्स' के लिए भी उतने ही मशहूर थे। और जैसा कि वे भली-भांति समझते थे, समाज अपने व्यक्तिगत अंगों के योग से कहीं बढ़कर होता है।

But Adam Smith was a philosopher as well as well as an economist, famous in his time as much for his Theory of Moral Sentiments as for The Wealth of Nations. And as he understood so well, society is more than the sum of its individual parts.

But Adam Smith was a philosopher as well as well as an economist, famous in his time as much for his Theory of Moral Sentiments as for The Wealth of Nations. And as he understood so well, society is more than the sum of its individual parts.

Topic Society & World Society
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Neutral Type: Philosophical 95%

मोटे वेतनों के बावजूद, बैंकों और स्टॉकब्रकेरों के लिए अर्थशास्त्रियों को काम पर रखना मीडिया में अपनी पैठ बनाने का एक सबसे किफायती तरीका है।

Despite the high salaries involved, employing economists is a cost-effective way for banks, and stockbrokers to secure exposure in the media.

Despite the high salaries involved, employing economists is a cost-effective way for banks, and stockbrokers to secure exposure in the media.

Topic Society & World Media
Tone: Cynical Sentiment: Neutral Type: Observation 95%

हमें अर्थव्यवस्था को एक मशीन मानने की अर्थशास्त्रियों की धारणा और उससे जुड़ी संतुलन की अवधारणा को छोड़ देना चाहिए। अर्थव्यवस्था के बारे में सोचने का एक बेहतर तरीका यह है कि हम इसकी तुलना एक जीवित जीव से करें।

We need to abandon the economist's notion of the economy as a machine, with its attendant concept of equilibrium. A more helpful way of thinking about the economy is to imagine it as a living organism.

We need to abandon the economist's notion of the economy as a machine, with its attendant concept of equilibrium. A more helpful way of thinking about the economy is to imagine it as a living organism.

Topic Life & Existence Change
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Positive Type: Philosophical 95%

विशाल कॉर्पोरेट दुनिया के बंधनों से आजादी चाहने वाले भावी उद्यमी अक्सर मुझसे पूछते हैं, 'मैं अपने लिए एक छोटा व्यवसाय कैसे शुरू करूँ?' इसका जवाब बड़ा सीधा लगता है: एक बहुत बड़ा व्यवसाय खरीद लीजिए और बस इंतजार कीजिए।

I am often asked by would-be entrepreneurs seeking escape from life within huge corporate structures, ‘How do I build a small firm for myself?’ The answer seems obvious: Buy a very large one and just wait.

I am often asked by would-be entrepreneurs seeking escape from life within huge corporate structures, ‘How do I build a small firm for myself?’ The answer seems obvious: Buy a very large one and just wait.

Topic Achievement & Work Business
Tone: Witty Sentiment: Neutral Type: Humorous 95%

रूढ़िवादी अर्थशास्त्र में रचा-बसा दुनिया का यह रेखीय और मशीनी नजरिया, विकसित अर्थव्यवस्थाओं की लय और उतार-चढ़ाव की समृद्धि तथा जटिलता को समेटने में पूरी तरह असमर्थ है।

The linear, mechanistic view of the world which pervades orthodox economics is simply not capable of capturing the richness and complexity of the rhythms and fluctuations of developed economies.

The linear, mechanistic view of the world which pervades orthodox economics is simply not capable of capturing the richness and complexity of the rhythms and fluctuations of developed economies.

Topic Knowledge & Learning Science
Sentiment: Neutral Type: Observation 92%

अधिकांश पश्चिमी अर्थव्यवस्थाओं में, आम तौर पर संबंध मुद्रास्फीति की दर और बेरोजगारी के स्तर के बीच नहीं होता, बल्कि मुद्रास्फीति में बदलाव की दर और बेरोजगारी में बदलाव की दर के बीच होता है।

In most Western economies, the general relationship is not in fact between the rate of inflation and the level of unemployment, but between the rate of change of inflation and the rate of change of unemployment.

In most Western economies, the general relationship is not in fact between the rate of inflation and the level of unemployment, but between the rate of change of inflation and the rate of change of unemployment.

Topic Achievement & Work Business
Tone: Neutral Sentiment: Neutral Type: Observation 92%

ऐसी अनगिनत किताबें छपती हैं और कभी-कभी तो बहुत बिकती भी हैं, जो व्यवसाय में सफलता की गारंटी देने वाले नियम या कुछेक उसूलों को खोज लेने का दावा करती हैं। लेकिन व्यवसाय कुछेक सरल निर्देशों में समेटे जाने के लिए कहीं अधिक जटिल और कठिन क्षेत्र है... कॉर्पोरेट जीवन की असल पहचान सफलता नहीं बल्कि असफलता है।

Books proliferate, and occasionally sell in very large numbers, which claim to have found the rule, or small set of rules, which will guarantee business success. But business is far too complicated, far too difficult an activity to distil into a few simple commands ... It is failure rather than success which is the distinguishing feature of corporate life.

Books proliferate, and occasionally sell in very large numbers, which claim to have found the rule, or small set of rules, which will guarantee business success. But business is far too complicated, far too difficult an activity to distil into a few simple commands ... It is failure rather than success which is the distinguishing feature of corporate life.

Topic Achievement & Work Business
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Mixed Type: Observation 95%

वित्तीय बाजारों में भी, बाजार की कार्यकुशलता का सिद्धांत खरा नहीं उतरता।

Even in financial markets, the concept of market efficiency does not hold.

Even in financial markets, the concept of market efficiency does not hold.

Topic Achievement & Work Money
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Neutral Type: Observation 95%

अमेरिकी अर्थव्यवस्था की ताकत और दबदबे की तारीफ करने के बावजूद, कई यूरोपीय लोगों का मानना है कि संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में प्रचलित सामाजिक मूल्यों की व्यवस्था—जोकि उदाहरण के लिए भीतरी शहरों की गंभीर समस्याओं और हिंसक अपराधों के स्तर में साफ झलकती है—में सुधार की बहुत गुंजाइश है।

Many Europeans, while admiring the strength and power of the American economy, undoubtedly feel that the system of social values which prevails in the United States, manifested in the acute problems evident in the inner cities and the level of violent crime, for example, leaves much to be desired.

Many Europeans, while admiring the strength and power of the American economy, undoubtedly feel that the system of social values which prevails in the United States, manifested in the acute problems evident in the inner cities and the level of violent crime, for example, leaves much to be desired.

Topic Society & World Society
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Mixed Type: Observation 95%

अर्थशास्त्रियों के लिए गणित के इस्तेमाल के मोह से बच पाना नामुमकिन होता है। यह अर्थशास्त्रियों के विचारों को वैज्ञानिक अधिकार और सटीकता का एक प्रामाणिक जामा पहनाता प्रतीत होता है।

The temptation to use mathematics is irresistible for economists. It appears to convey the appropriate air of scientific authority and precision to economists' musings.

The temptation to use mathematics is irresistible for economists. It appears to convey the appropriate air of scientific authority and precision to economists' musings.

Topic Knowledge & Learning Science
Tone: Cynical Sentiment: Negative Type: Observation 92%

बेस बॉल या क्रिकेट के खिलाड़ियों को गेंद की उड़ान तय करने वाले गैर-रेखीय अवकल समीकरणों (non-linear differential equations) को हल करना जानने की जरूरत नहीं होती। वे बस उसे लपक लेते हैं।

Baseball players or cricketers do not need to be able to solve explicitly the non-linear differential equations which govern the flight of the ball. They just catch it.

Baseball players or cricketers do not need to be able to solve explicitly the non-linear differential equations which govern the flight of the ball. They just catch it.

Topic Achievement & Work Sports
Tone: Wise Sentiment: Neutral Type: Observation 95%

कीन्स ने यह साबित करने की कोशिश की थी कि बाजार अर्थव्यवस्थाएँ ऐसी संतुलन अवस्थाओं में पहुँच सकती हैं जहाँ श्रम बाजार में संतुलन नहीं बनता और बेरोजगारी का स्तर ऊँचा रहता है। उनका मानना था कि यह बाजार की विफलता का एक खास उदाहरण था, जिसे उन्होंने प्रभावी मांग की अपनी अवधारणा के जरिए समझाया था।

Keynes tried to show that market economies could settle in equilibrium states in which the labour market did not clear, and in which the level of unemployment was high. He believed that this was due to a particular example of market failure, developed in his concept of effective demand.

Keynes tried to show that market economies could settle in equilibrium states in which the labour market did not clear, and in which the level of unemployment was high. He believed that this was due to a particular example of market failure, developed in his concept of effective demand.

Topic Society & World Society
Tone: Neutral Sentiment: Neutral Type: Observation 95%

एक बार जब मुद्रास्फीति और बेरोजगारी के बीच का वास्तविक रिश्ता समझ में आ जाता है, तो थोड़ी किस्मत और कौशल के साथ, मुफ्त की दावत (फायदा) भी मिल सकती है।

Once the true relationship between inflation and unemployment is understood, with luck and skill, a free lunch is possible.

Once the true relationship between inflation and unemployment is understood, with luck and skill, a free lunch is possible.

Topic Achievement & Work Opportunity
Tone: Wise Sentiment: Positive Type: Paradox 90%

किसी भी तार्किक कसौटी पर परखें, तो आज के दौर में अर्थशास्त्र का विषय अपनी मौजूदा हालत में काफी निराशाजनक रूप से अधूरा नजर आता है।

By any reasonable criteria, the discipline of economics as a whole, in its present state, is sadly lacking.

By any reasonable criteria, the discipline of economics as a whole, in its present state, is sadly lacking.

Topic Knowledge & Learning Science
Tone: Cynical Sentiment: Negative Type: Observation 95%

पाठक यह सोच सकते हैं कि मुद्रा के मात्रात्मक सिद्धांत को सही साबित करने के लिए अनगिनत कल्पनाओं का सहारा लेना पड़ता है।

The reader might reflect that an awful lot of supposing has to take place in order for the quantity theory of money to be true.

The reader might reflect that an awful lot of supposing has to take place in order for the quantity theory of money to be true.

Topic Achievement & Work Money
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Neutral Type: Observation 92%

पूरी अर्थव्यवस्था का व्यवहार, समष्टि (मैक्रो) स्तर पर, व्यष्टि (माइक्रो) स्तर के व्यक्तिगत समीकरणों से मिलकर बनता है।

The behavior of the economy as a whole, at the aggregate, macro-level, is built up from the individual equations at the micro-level.

The behavior of the economy as a whole, at the aggregate, macro-level, is built up from the individual equations at the micro-level.

Topic Society & World Society
Tone: Neutral Sentiment: Neutral Type: Observation 92%

अब तक जिस प्रतिस्पर्धी संतुलन के मॉडल की चर्चा की गई है, वह एक काल-रहित (टाइमलेस) माहौल पर आधारित है। लोग और कंपनियाँ ऐसी दुनिया में काम करते हैं जहाँ भविष्य का कोई वजूद नहीं है और इसलिए अनिश्चितता भी नहीं है।

The model of competitive equilibrium which has been discussed so far is set in a timeless environment. People and companies all operate in a world in which there is no future and hence no uncertainty.

The model of competitive equilibrium which has been discussed so far is set in a timeless environment. People and companies all operate in a world in which there is no future and hence no uncertainty.

Topic Achievement & Work Competition
Tone: Neutral Sentiment: Neutral Type: Observation 92%

हर साल 2 प्रतिशत की वृद्धि दर से, कोई भी अर्थव्यवस्था महज तीस साल में आकार में दोगुनी हो जाती है।

At 2 per cent growth a year, an economy doubles in size in just thirty years.

At 2 per cent growth a year, an economy doubles in size in just thirty years.

Topic Achievement & Work Money
Tone: Wise Sentiment: Positive Type: Observation 95%

शैक्षणिक अर्थशास्त्रियों के सामने भारी बाधाएँ हैं, क्योंकि प्रोफेसर की स्थायी नौकरी (टेन्योर) और पेशेवर तरक्की आज भी काफी हद तक रूढ़िवादी सिद्धांत के नियमों का पालन करने और उनके दायरे में रहकर काम करने की इच्छा पर निर्भर करती है।

The obstacles facing academic economists are formidable, for tenure and professional advancement still depend to a large extent on a willingness to comply with and to work within the tenets of orthodox theory.

The obstacles facing academic economists are formidable, for tenure and professional advancement still depend to a large extent on a willingness to comply with and to work within the tenets of orthodox theory.

Topic Society & World Society
Sentiment: Negative Type: Observation 95%

न्यू राइट (दक्षिणपंथी गुट) के नीतिगत पैकेज का दूसरा हिस्सा यह विश्वास रहा है कि मुक्त बाजार के समाधान हमेशा सबसे अच्छे होते हैं। और यही वह आखिरी नजरिया है जो पूरी तरह से गलत है। बाजार और मुनाफे बहुत अहम हैं, लेकिन शुद्ध मुक्त बाजार का मॉडल अपने आप में गंभीर खामियों से भरा है।

The second part of the New Right's policy package has been the belief that free-market solutions are always best. It is this latter view which is profoundly mistaken. Markets and profits are crucial, but the pure free-market model itself is deeply flawed.

The second part of the New Right's policy package has been the belief that free-market solutions are always best. It is this latter view which is profoundly mistaken. Markets and profits are crucial, but the pure free-market model itself is deeply flawed.

Topic Society & World Politics
Tone: Reflective Sentiment: Mixed Type: Observation 95%