यही समानता का मूल सार है: यह समझना कि आपके बच्चे कौन हैं और उनकी जरूरतें कैसे पूरी की जाएँ। आपका ध्यान परिणामों पर ही रहता है, भले ही वहाँ तक पहुँचने का रास्ता हर बच्चे के लिए अलग-अलग हो।
That's at the core of equity: understanding who your kids are and how to meet their needs. You are still focused on outcomes, but the path to get there may not be the same for each one.
That's at the core of equity: understanding who your kids are and how to meet their needs. You are still focused on outcomes, but the path to get there may not be the same for each one.
हमें ऐसे स्कूलों के निर्माण की जरूरत है जो बच्चों की जरूरतों के हिसाब से चलें, न कि उस पुरानी घिसी-पिसी लीक पर जो हम अब तक करते आए हैं। हम यह उम्मीद करते हैं कि बच्चे खुद को स्कूलों के मुताबिक ढाल लें और अगर वे ऐसा नहीं कर पाते, तो हम कहते हैं कि बच्चे में ही कोई खोट है—बजाय इसके कि हम बच्चों में पढ़ाई के प्रति रुचि जगाने और उन्हें स्नेह देने पर ध्यान दें।
We need to create schools that are organized to meet the needs of the kids they serve instead of what we've been doing. We expect kids to adjust to the schools and if they can't, we say something is wrong with the child - instead of focusing on engagement and nurturing the love of learning in kids.
We need to create schools that are organized to meet the needs of the kids they serve instead of what we've been doing. We expect kids to adjust to the schools and if they can't, we say something is wrong with the child - instead of focusing on engagement and nurturing the love of learning in kids.
हम जानते हैं कि अफ्रीकी अमेरिकी छात्र अमूमन आपसी जुड़ाव के जरिए बेहतर सीखते हैं। यह सब एक शिक्षक और छात्र के बीच के रिश्ते पर निर्भर करता है। छात्र उन शिक्षकों की बातों पर अच्छी प्रतिक्रिया देते हैं जिन्हें वे जानते हैं, जिन पर वे भरोसा करते हैं जो उनकी परवाह करते हैं, और जो ऐसे तरीके से पढ़ाते हैं जो सीखने की प्रक्रिया को सिर्फ चुपचाप बैठकर सुनने के बजाय ज्यादा सक्रिय बनाता है। इस बारे में शोध के पुख्ता आंकड़े लंबे समय से उपलब्ध हैं, लेकिन बड़े पैमाने पर इसका पालन नहीं किया जाता। यही सबसे बड़ी बाधा है।
We know that African American students tend to be relational learners. It's about the relationships between a teacher and student. Students respond well to teachers they know, believe in them, care about them, but also who teach in a matter that elicits a more active approach to learning, rather than just sitting and listening. The research on this is strong and has been available for a long time, but it is not widely practiced. That's a huge obstacle.
We know that African American students tend to be relational learners. It's about the relationships between a teacher and student. Students respond well to teachers they know, believe in them, care about them, but also who teach in a matter that elicits a more active approach to learning, rather than just sitting and listening. The research on this is strong and has been available for a long time, but it is not widely practiced. That's a huge obstacle.
अगर छात्रों को यह नहीं लगता कि आप उनकी परवाह करते हैं और उनसे जुड़ सकते हैं, खासकर जैसे-जैसे वे बड़े होते हैं, वे आपकी तरफ ध्यान देना बंद कर देते हैं। यह बात मुझे शिक्षा के स्नातकोत्तर विद्यालय की कक्षाओं में नहीं समझाई गई थी, बल्कि एक छात्र के रूप में अपने खुद के अनुभवों से मैंने इसे सहज रूप से सीखा।
If students don't think that you care and can relate, especially as they get older, they tune you out. I didn't get it in my classes at the graduate school of education. I got it intuitively from my own experiences as a student.
If students don't think that you care and can relate, especially as they get older, they tune you out. I didn't get it in my classes at the graduate school of education. I got it intuitively from my own experiences as a student.
प्रॉविडेंस और ओकलैंड में पढ़ाते समय मुझे एहसास हुआ कि सबसे पहली बात तो यह थी कि सिर्फ यह मानकर कक्षा में चले जाना काफी नहीं था कि ज्ञान और कौशल के मामले में मेरे पास वह सब है जिसकी मेरे छात्रों को जरूरत है। मुझे उन्हें यह भी दिखाना था कि मैं उनका हमदर्द हूँ। मुझे उन्हें यह जताना था कि मैं उनकी फिक्र करता हूँ, उनसे जुड़ाव महसूस करना चाहता हूँ, और यह कि मैं बुनियादी तौर पर उनके पक्ष में हूँ।
Teaching in Providence and Oakland, I realized that the first thing is that it wasn't good enough to come in and assume that I had what my students needed in terms of knowledge and skills. I also had to show them that I was their ally. I had to show them that I was concerned about them, wanted to relate to them, and that I was fundamentally on their side.
Teaching in Providence and Oakland, I realized that the first thing is that it wasn't good enough to come in and assume that I had what my students needed in terms of knowledge and skills. I also had to show them that I was their ally. I had to show them that I was concerned about them, wanted to relate to them, and that I was fundamentally on their side.
इसका मतलब एक ऐसा व्यापक दृष्टिकोण अपनाना है जिसमें उच्च गुणवत्ता वाली शिक्षा देने के साथ-साथ सामाजिक सहायता जैसी चीजें भी शामिल हों। यह बात बहुत सीधी लगती है, लेकिन जब आप ऐसे स्कूलों को देखते हैं जो वाकई संघर्ष कर रहे हैं, तो वहाँ आपको उच्च गुणवत्ता वाली शिक्षा दूर-दूर तक नजर नहीं आती।
It's about having a comprehensive vision that includes things like social supports while providing a high-quality education. It seems obvious, but when you look at schools that are really struggling, you don't see high-quality education.
It's about having a comprehensive vision that includes things like social supports while providing a high-quality education. It seems obvious, but when you look at schools that are really struggling, you don't see high-quality education.
किसी दूसरे क्षेत्र के बारे में सोचना मुश्किल है जहाँ अनुभव को एक कमजोरी माना जाता हो और जिसे कारोबार की बारीकियों की सबसे कम समझ हो, उसी को विशेषज्ञ के रूप में गले लगाया जाता हो।
It’s hard to think of another field in which experience is considered a liability and those who know the least about the nuts and bolts of an enterprise are embraced as experts.
It’s hard to think of another field in which experience is considered a liability and those who know the least about the nuts and bolts of an enterprise are embraced as experts.
मध्यम वर्ग के बच्चों को खेलने और अपनी सोचने की क्षमता विकसित करने का मौका मिलता है। वहीं गरीब बच्चों को मेल-जोल बढ़ाने के नाम पर ज्यादा अनुशासन और नियमों की बेड़ियों में जकड़े जाने की संभावना होती है। इसके अलावा, शुरुआती बचपन के कार्यक्रमों में हमारे यहाँ भारी अलगाव देखने को मिलता है। मुझे निकट भविष्य में इन हालात में कोई बदलाव आता नजर नहीं आ रहा है, और यही एक बड़ी बाधा है।
Middle-class kids get to play, develop their thinking ability. Poor kids are much more likely to get regimentation under the guise of socialization. On top of it, we have huge segregation in early childhood programs. I don't see these patterns changing anytime soon, and that's a big obstacle.
Middle-class kids get to play, develop their thinking ability. Poor kids are much more likely to get regimentation under the guise of socialization. On top of it, we have huge segregation in early childhood programs. I don't see these patterns changing anytime soon, and that's a big obstacle.
शिक्षा के ज्यादातर विभाग मुख्य रूप से स्कूलों को नियंत्रित करने और उन्हें नियमों के दायरे में रखने के लिए बनाए गए हैं। वे असल मायनों में स्कूलों की मदद नहीं करते। जब कोई स्कूल कुछ बच्चों को पढ़ाने में संघर्ष कर रहा होता है, तो वे राज्य के पास जाकर यह नहीं कह सकते, "क्या आप संसाधनों और प्रशिक्षण के मामले में हमारी मदद कर सकते हैं?" यही उनकी असली भूमिका होनी चाहिए।
Most departments of education are set up largely to regulate schools and hold them in compliance. They don't really help schools. When a school is struggling with certain kids, they can't go to the state and say, "Can you help us with resources and training?" That should be their role.
Most departments of education are set up largely to regulate schools and hold them in compliance. They don't really help schools. When a school is struggling with certain kids, they can't go to the state and say, "Can you help us with resources and training?" That should be their role.
इन स्कूली नीतियों की जड़ें राष्ट्रपति जॉनसन के गरीबी के खिलाफ छेड़े गए युद्ध से जुड़ी थीं। गरीबी से जुड़ी समस्याओं की भरपाई के लिए गरीब बच्चों की सेवा करने वाले स्कूल जिलों को अतिरिक्त धन भेजा जाता था। 'नो चाइल्ड लेफ्ट बिहाइंड' (NCLB) अधिनियम लागू होने के बाद से, गरीबी को कम करने के बजाय सारा ध्यान टेस्ट के अंकों के आधार पर जवाबदेही तय करने पर केंद्रित हो गया है।
The origins of these [schooling] federal policies were tied to President Johnson's war on poverty. Supplemental funds were sent to school districts serving poor children to compensate for issues related to poverty. Since the enactment of NCLB, the focus on mitigating poverty has been replaced by a focus on accountability as measured by test scores.
The origins of these [schooling] federal policies were tied to President Johnson's war on poverty. Supplemental funds were sent to school districts serving poor children to compensate for issues related to poverty. Since the enactment of NCLB, the focus on mitigating poverty has been replaced by a focus on accountability as measured by test scores.
लड़कों को आज भी यही विश्वास दिलाया जाता है कि ताकत का नाता सिर्फ और सिर्फ दबदबे से है।
Boys are still led to believe that power is associated with domination.
Boys are still led to believe that power is associated with domination.
सारे बच्चे अलग-अलग होते हैं, भले ही वे आपसे पैदा हुए हों और सैद्धांतिक रूप से उनकी संस्कृति एक ही हो। मेरे कुछ बच्चे ज्यादा मिलनसार थे और स्कूल में उनका समय आसानी से बीत गया। वहीं कुछ अन्य बच्चे शर्मीले थे और उन्हें ज्यादा सहारे की जरूरत थी। एक माता-पिता होने के नाते आप इन अंतरों को अच्छी तरह समझते हैं और व्यक्ति के रूप में वे जैसे हैं, उसके अनुसार आप उनके साथ एक जैसा बर्ताव नहीं करते।
All kids are different, even when they come from you and theoretically have the same culture. Some of my kids had been more outgoing and had an easy time at school. Others were more shy and needed more support. As a parent you are very aware of these differences and are not treating them all the same, given who they are as people.
All kids are different, even when they come from you and theoretically have the same culture. Some of my kids had been more outgoing and had an easy time at school. Others were more shy and needed more support. As a parent you are very aware of these differences and are not treating them all the same, given who they are as people.
यह कई, कई सालों से एक संघर्षशील स्कूल रहा है, और इसमें कोई हैरानी की बात नहीं है क्योंकि यह शहर के सबसे पिछड़े बच्चों में से कुछ की सेवा कर रहा है। ऐसा सिर्फ यही स्कूल नहीं था, बल्कि यह भी उन्हीं में से एक था। इससे यह साबित होता है कि अच्छी, दृढ़ और स्थिर नेतृत्व जैसी चीजें कितना बड़ा फर्क पैदा करती हैं; स्कूल की संस्कृति को ऐसा बनाना जहाँ बच्चे खुद को सुरक्षित महसूस करें और वहाँ रहना चाहें; और शिक्षकों का साथ देना ताकि वे रुककर पूरी मेहनत से काम करना चाहें।
It's been a struggling school for many, many years, and [that's] not surprising since it's serving some of the most disadvantaged kids in the city. It wasn't the only one by any means, but it was among those. It shows that things like good, steady, stable leadership makes a huge difference; focusing on the culture of the schools as a place where kids feel supported and want to be; supporting the teachers, so they want to stay and work hard.
It's been a struggling school for many, many years, and [that's] not surprising since it's serving some of the most disadvantaged kids in the city. It wasn't the only one by any means, but it was among those. It shows that things like good, steady, stable leadership makes a huge difference; focusing on the culture of the schools as a place where kids feel supported and want to be; supporting the teachers, so they want to stay and work hard.
कैलिफोर्निया अपने 'इक्विटी फंडिंग फार्मूला' की वजह से उन समुदायों और छात्रों को ज्यादा संसाधन भेजकर इस दिशा में एक कदम आगे बढ़ाता है जो अधिक स्तर की गरीबी का सामना कर रहे हैं। लेकिन कैलिफोर्निया यह कदम वास्तविक कमजोरी की स्थिति से उठा रहा है, क्योंकि प्रति छात्र फंडिंग के मामले में वे पहले से ही दूसरे राज्यों से बहुत पीछे थे। यह एक शुरुआत है, लेकिन अभी ऐसे कई और कदम उठाए जाने बाकी हैं।
California, because of their Equity Funding Formula, moves a step in that direction by sending more resources to communities and students that face greater levels of poverty. But California is doing that from a greater position of real weakness, because they were already so far behind other states in funding per student. It’s a step, but many more steps need to be taken.
California, because of their Equity Funding Formula, moves a step in that direction by sending more resources to communities and students that face greater levels of poverty. But California is doing that from a greater position of real weakness, because they were already so far behind other states in funding per student. It’s a step, but many more steps need to be taken.
न्यू यॉर्क ने बच्चों को शुरुआती बचपन के कार्यक्रमों में भेजने के लिए जल्दबाजी की, लेकिन शोध साफ तौर पर कहता है कि यह उच्च गुणवत्ता वाला होना चाहिए। आज हम शुरुआती बचपन में गरीब बच्चों को जो दे रहे हैं, वह ज्यादातर जगहों पर मध्यम वर्ग के बच्चों को मिलने वाली सुविधाओं के आसपास भी नहीं है।
New York rushed to get students into early childhood programs, but the research is clear that it has to be high quality. What we are giving poor kids now in early childhood is nothing like what we are giving middle-class kids in most places.
New York rushed to get students into early childhood programs, but the research is clear that it has to be high quality. What we are giving poor kids now in early childhood is nothing like what we are giving middle-class kids in most places.
आपको वहाँ कोई सकारात्मक माहौल, शिक्षकों के बीच स्थिरता या नेतृत्व नजर नहीं आएगा। हमारी नीतियों में उन सबसे ज्यादा जरूरतमंद बच्चों को शिक्षित करने के अनुकूल माहौल तैयार करने पर पर्याप्त ध्यान नहीं दिया जाता। कोई भी राज्य ऐसा नहीं करता है।
You don't see a positive culture, stability among teachers, or leadership. We don't focus enough in our policies on creating conditions to educating kids with the greatest needs. There is no state that does that.
You don't see a positive culture, stability among teachers, or leadership. We don't focus enough in our policies on creating conditions to educating kids with the greatest needs. There is no state that does that.